Intellectual property
Health systems-related determinants of access
Jan 2013
Chapter
There are different determinants of access and any lack of access to medicines or other medical technologies is rarely due entirely to a single determinant. The following sections discuss the main determinants of access that are linked to health, IP and trade.
Guide to TRIPS documents
Nov 2020
Chapter
The TRIPS Agreement includes a set of transparency mechanisms, which require members to furnish extensive information about their IP laws and policies, and details about how IPRs are administered and enforced in their territories; these laws are also reviewed in detail in the TRIPS Council. In addition, the TRIPS Council has itself established a series of reporting processes concerning specific aspects of members’ IP systems. The operation of these tr Read More
Foreword
Jul 2020
Chapter
International cooperation on public health is inherently multi-dimensional, with a focus on building effective health systems. It is dynamic and responsive to the demands of countries around the globe. Towards this goal, the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) have been working closely together for almost two decades to support global endeavours to improve health outcomes.
Acknowledgements
Nov 2020
Chapter
Preparation of the Handbook was a collective endeavour by the WTO Intellectual Property, Government Procurement and Competition Division, drawing on years of practical feedback from technical assistance and training programmes prepared and delivered by the Division, in particular the material prepared for the first version of the TRIPS module of WTO eTraining. The former director of the Division, Mr Adrian Otten, substantively reviewed and enhan Read More
Public health policy
Jan 2013
Chapter
This chapter outlines the policy framework for public health, intellectual property (IP), international trade and competition, focusing on how they intersect with particular emphasis on medical technologies. The framework described comprises the policy, economic and legal features of IP and innovation systems, regulation of medical products, competition policy, and relevant trade policy measures, including import tariffs, rules on trade in services, govern Read More
Conclusion
Apr 2019
Chapter
Le monde tel que nous le connaissons aujourd’hui a été façonné par les innovations technologiques. Une nouvelle technologie, la chaîne de blocs – technologie de registres distribués –, a été accueillie par beaucoup avec enthousiasme et optimisme comme le prochain grand facteur de changement. La chaîne de blocs, qui permet de diffuser des données et des informations numériques de manière sûre, transparente et immuable sans avoir à rec Read More
Copyright: A Nordic perspective
Oct 2015
Chapter
During the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations, I worked at the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture, where my main responsibilities included copyright law and policy. I participated in coordination of the Nordic countries (Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) in the capitals and represented the Nordic countries in the later stages of the TRIPS negotiations in Geneva. During the same period, I was also actively involved in WIPO’s work o Read More
Introduction to the TRIPS Agreement
Nov 2020
Chapter
This chapter provides an overview of the TRIPS Agreement. It first explains the historical and legal background of the Agreement and its place in the World Trade Organization (WTO). It then turns to the general provisions and basic principles, as well as other provisions and institutional arrangements, that apply to all the categories of intellectual property rights (IPRs) covered by TRIPS. Chapters II to VIII then discuss each of these categories, their essential pr Read More
Copyright: An Indian perspective
Oct 2015
Chapter
My unexpected participation in the TRIPS negotiations, as my country’s sole negotiator on copyright, remains one of the unforgettable experiences of a 38-year civil service career.
Traditional knowledge and traditional medicine
Jan 2013
Chapter
Traditional medicine has long been used as a mainstay of health care for many populations. This section reviews a number of issues concerning traditional medical systems with respect to IP, regulatory systems and trade.
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