Intellectual property
Some memories of the unique TRIPS negotiations
Oct 2015
Chapter
The invitation to contribute to this book was certainly a pleasant surprise. The question for me was what I should write about: I had not been one of the negotiators and the chapter on the TRIPS negotiations from the perspective of the GATT Secretariat is dealt with by Adrian Otten, who was the Secretary of the TRIPS Negotiating Group. Several suggestions were made by my co-authors and, upon reflection, I decided to contribute with just a short com Read More
Why we managed to succeed in TRIPS
Oct 2015
Chapter
There have been many books and articles written about the TRIPS Agreement. Most go into great detail over the costs and benefits of the various provisions of the Agreement. As one of the negotiators of the Agreement, I will not attempt to debate such an analysis. Rather, this chapter will provide brief, personal reflections of my experiences during the negotiations, which have had a significant impact on the rest of my career as a Canadian diplomat focusi Read More
The global burden of disease and global health risks
Jan 2013
Chapter
The development of effective strategies to improve global health and react to changes in the global burden of disease (GBD) requires an understanding of the GBD and of GBD-related trends, coupled with an understanding of major health risks. These are introduced in this section.
A world of opportunities and challenges
Nov 2018
Chapter
Research published by the European Parliament in 2017 claimed that Blockchain could “change our lives” (Boucher, 2017). What the various blockchain applications that are being developed in areas as diverse as trade finance, trade facilitation, trade in services, intellectual property and government procurement show is that Blockchain has the potential to impact both the traders and the government agencies involved in international trade sig Read More
Remerciements
Apr 2019
Chapter
Mes sincères remerciements vont à ma collègue Kenza Le Mentec pour ses précieux conseils. Mme Le Mentec m’a initiée au sujet et elle a apporté de précieuses contributions, en particulier pour les sections techniques décrivant la technologie et pour la section sur la facilitation des échanges. Cette publication n’aurait pas été possible sans son soutien.
Conclusion
Nov 2018
Chapter
Research published by the European Parliament in 2017 claimed that Blockchain could “change our lives” (Boucher, 2017). What the various blockchain applications that are being developed in areas as diverse as trade finance, trade facilitation, trade in services, intellectual property and government procurement show is that Blockchain has the potential to impact both the traders and the government agencies involved in international trade sig Read More
The policy context for action on innovation and access
Jul 2020
Chapter
This chapter outlines the policy framework for public health, intellectual property (IP), international trade and competition, focusing on how they intersect, with particular emphasis on medical technologies. The framework comprises the human rights dimension of access to medicines; the policy, economic and legal features of IP and innovation systems; regulation of medical products; competition policy; and relevant trade policy measures, including imp Read More
Medical technologies: the fundamentals
Jul 2020
Chapter
Against the background of the global burden of disease (GBD) and global health risks, this chapter outlines the fundamental imperative for collaboration. It demonstrates the need for a coordinated approach, taking into account health, intellectual property (IP) and trade variables, to ensure coherent decision-making in the area of public health at the international, regional and domestic levels.
Preface
Jan 2012
Chapter
At the heart of the World Trade Organization (WTO), as an international organization, is a set of rules that regulate trade between nations: a body of agreements which have been negotiated and signed by governments of the majority of the world's trading nations, with the aim of promoting transparency, predictability and non-discrimination in trading relations. These agreements, covering trade in goods, trade in services and trade-related aspects Read More
Public health and medical technologies: The imperative for international cooperation
Jan 2013
Chapter
Health is a fundamental and universal human right. The attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health is the foundational objective of the WHO.
Appendix 2: Guide to TRIPS notifications
Jan 2012
Chapter
TRIPS includes a set of transparency mechanisms, which require Members to furnish extensive information about their IP laws and policies, and details about how IPRs are administered and enforced in their territories; these laws are also reviewed in detail in the TRIPS Council. The operation of these transparency mechanisms in the years since 1995 has yielded a uniquely comprehensive and systematic body of information that now covers some 130 jurisdic Read More
La chaîne de blocs peut-elle révolutionner le commerce international ?
Apr 2019
Chapter
Les gros titres annonçant que la chaîne de blocs peut révolutionner différents domaines du commerce international, du financement du commerce aux procédures douanières, en passant par la propriété intellectuelle, sont légion. Le caractère transparent, décentralisé et immuable de la chaîne de blocs a éveillé l’intérêt des acteurs privés – et des gouvernements – qui veulent explorer le potentiel de cette technologie afin d’améliorer l’efficacité des Read More
Conclusión
Apr 2019
Chapter
El mundo, tal como lo conocemos, ha sido definido por las innovaciones tecnológicas. Muchas personas han acogido la aparición de una nueva tecnología, la cadena de bloques (una tecnología de registro distribuido), a la que consideran el próximo gran factor de cambio, con entusiasmo y optimismo. La cadena de bloques, que permite compartir registros digitales y datos de manera segura, transparente e inalterable sin necesidad de depender de un único t Read More
Current TRIPS issues
Nov 2020
Chapter
This chapter provides a general overview of the ongoing work in the TRIPS Council and other WTO bodies on other aspects of TRIPS and public policy as of the time of writing, focusing on the issues, which have been the most prominent
Dispute settlement in TRIPS: A two-edged sword
Oct 2015
Chapter
In the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations under the GATT, the negotiations on the TRIPS Agreement were not alone in making a slow start. IPRs were a radically new subject matter for the GATT. There was both uncertainty as to just what could be considered trade-related aspects of IPRs, and disagreement over the appropriateness of trying to incorporate them into a negotiation about goods. The constructive ambiguity of the mandate Read More
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