Information technology and e-commerce
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Assessing trade facilitation implementation in the era of e-commerce: a comparative analysis of Jordan, Oman and Hong Kong, China
Nov 2020
Chapter
The emergence of e-commerce is driving important changes in the ways of conducting international trade. It has become clear that improvements in trade facilitation implementation should be supported by electronic systems. Through a comparative study of a number of reports issued by international organizations – the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Unite Read More
Conclusiones
Nov 2018
Chapter
El progreso tecnológico ha moldeado siempre la estructura del sistema de comercio mundial. La tecnología no es solo un factor determinante de los costos del comercio, sino que también define qué productos se pueden comercializar a través de las fronteras e influye en las tendencias de la ventaja comparativa.
Improving the accounting frameworks for analyses of global value chains
Apr 2017
Chapter
The use of global input-output tables, and the creation of Trade in Value-Added (TiVA) statistics, has greatly improved our understanding of the fragmentation of global production through value chains. However, their application requires a number of assumptions that, in practice, typically understate the degree of interconnectedness. TiVA estimates implicitly assume identical production functions across firms within an industry, when in reality production fun Read More
Prólogo
Nov 2020
Chapter
En la era digital, son cada vez más los Gobiernos que han adoptado políticas encaminadas a impulsar el crecimiento por medio de la innovación y la modernización tecnológica. Las repercusiones económicas a nivel nacional asociadas a la pandemia de COVID-19 están llevando a los países a fortalecer esas políticas. En el presente informe se examinan esas tendencias y el papel que desempeñan el comercio y la OMC en este contexto. Se muestr Read More
Introduction
Nov 2018
Chapter
Au cours des dernières décennies, Internet a fait irruption dans chaque recoin de notre vie des interactions sociales aux loisirs en passant par le travail et a fondamentalement remodelé nos économies, en réduisant considérablement le coût d’acquisition et d’échange de l’information. Il a alimenté la révolution numérique, modifiant radicalement notre façon de communiquer, de consommer et de produire, et il a profondément transformé le commerce in Read More
Foreword
Source:
World Trade Report 2020
Jan 2020
Chapter
In the digital age, a growing number of governments have adopted policies aimed at boosting growth through innovation and technological upgrading. The domestic economic fallout linked to the COVID-19 pandemic is leading countries to strengthen these policies. This report looks at these trends, and at how trade and the WTO fit in. It shows that there is a significant role for international cooperation to make countries’ pursuit of such goals more effecti Read More
Global value chains in the age of internet: what opportunities for Africa?
Nov 2020
Chapter
This chapter analyses the impact of the internet on global value chains (GVCs) in Africa. We investigate the effect of internet adoption on forward participation and backward participation of African countries in GVCs. We conduct the estimations using country-level data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Eora GVC database and firm-level data from the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey. We test wheth Read More
Technical notes
Source:
World Trade Report 2020
Jan 2020
Chapter
WTO members are frequently referred to as “countries”, although some members are not countries in the usual sense of the word but are officially “customs territories”. The definition of geographical and other groupings in this report does not imply an expression of opinion by the WTO Secretariat concerning the status of any country or territory, the delimitation of its frontiers, nor the rights and obligations of any WTO member in respect of WTO agreemen Read More
Repercusión de las tecnologías digitales en el comercio de los países en desarrollo
Nov 2020
Chapter
A partir del Modelo de Comercio Mundial de la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC), un modelo de equilibrio general computable, recursivo y dinámico, examinamos las posibles repercusiones futuras de las innovaciones tecnológicas, en forma de robotización y uso de la inteligencia artificial, la terciarización del proceso de producción y la disminución de los costos del comercio debido al aumento de los mercados y plataformas en línea en el comercio Read More
Introduction
Source:
World Trade Report 2020
Jan 2020
Chapter
All over the world, governments are actively and openly intervening in economies to boost innovation, generate new technologies, and foster cutting-edge industries. These interventions can have positive or negative impacts, especially in today’s hyper-connected global economy. On the one hand, they can expand knowledge, enhance productivity and spread the essential tools of global growth and development. But on the other hand, they can also di Read More
Réflexions convergentes sur le commerce numérique pour préparer l’avenir
Nov 2020
Chapter
De plus en plus de personnes s’accordent à penser que le facteur ayant eu la plus forte incidence sur le commerce ces dernières années est l’introduction de technologies nouvelles et innovantes. L’évolution des technologies de l’information, de par sa vitesse et son intensité, a une incidence sur le commerce et plus généralement sur notre vie quotidienne comme jamais auparavant. Elle a rendu possible des interactions entre les humains, entre les humai Read More
Technological progress, diffusion, and opportunities for developing countries: lessons from China
Apr 2017
Chapter
The nature of technology used in products plays a major role in determining the governance structure of value chains and the benefits of participation for developing countries. Standardization through breaking production into modules with a high degree of functional autonomy (limited mutual interference between modules) can dramatically reduce the amount of research and development (R&D), learning by doing, and the number of complementar Read More
Convergencia de ideas sobre el comercio digital en la preparación para el futuro
Nov 2020
Chapter
Hay una convergencia creciente respecto a la idea de que el factor que ha influido en mayor medida en el comercio en los últimos años es la introducción de tecnologías nuevas e innovadoras. La velocidad y la intensidad de la evolución de las tecnologías de la información están incidiendo en el comercio y, en general, en nuestra vida cotidiana como nunca antes. Esa evolución ha hecho posible la interacción entre seres humanos, entre seres humanos y Read More
Acknowledgements and Disclaimer
Source:
World Trade Report 2018
Mar 2018
Chapter
The World Trade Report 2018 was prepared under the general responsibility of Xiaozhun Yi, WTO Deputy Director-General, and Robert Koopman, Director of the Economic Research and Statistics Division. This year the Report was coordinated by Cosimo Beverelli and Emmanuelle Ganne. The authors of the Report are Marc Bacchetta, Eddy Bekkers, Cosimo Beverelli, Emmanuelle Ganne, John Hancock, Mark Koulen, Andreas Maurer, José-Antonio Monteiro, Col Read More
Política de innovación, comercio y desafío digital
Nov 2020
Chapter
Esta sección se centra en la política de innovación y examina sus justificaciones económicas y su repercusión en la innovación. Para que esta tenga lugar, hay que crear nuevos conocimientos mediante la inversión en investigación y a continuación divulgarlos a través del sistema educativo o de publicaciones, patentes e intercambios de ideas. Cuando las empresas o los Gobiernos fomentan el progreso tecnológico utilizando estos conocimientos, o su m Read More
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