Development and building trade capacity
World Trade Report 2003
The World Trade Report is a new annual WTO publication focused on trade trends and policy issues. The 2003 edition examines developments in South-South trade trends in commodity markets and the growth of Regional Trade Agreements.
Rapport sur le Commerce Mondial 2003
Le rapport sur le commerce mondial 2003 est entièrement centré sur le développement. En expliquant la génèse du problème et en proposant un cadre d'analyse dans lequel traiter la question des rapports entre commerce et développement il vise à aider chacun à débattre en toute connaissance de cause et à mieux évaluer les options qui s'offrent aux gouvernements pour faire face aux défis du moment.
Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2003
El tema principal del Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2003 es el desarrollo. Al explicar el origen de esta cuestión y ofrecer un marco analítico para abordar la cuestión de la relación entre comercio y desarrollo se pretende que el Informe contribuya a un debate más informado y a una mejor apreciación de las distintas opciones disponibles para abordar los problemas de política.
Mainstreaming Trade to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals
The WTO is central to achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which set targets to be achieved by 2030 in areas such as poverty reduction health education and the environment. The SDGs put significant emphasis on the role that trade plays in promoting sustainable development and recognize the contribution that the WTO can make to the 2030 Agenda. By delivering and implementing trade reforms which are pro-growth and pro-development and by continuing to foster stable predictable and equitable trading relations across the world the WTO will play an important role in delivering the Sustainable Development Goals just as it did with the Millennium Development Goals before them. This report identifies steps which would help to ensure that international trade contributes to accelerating progress in achieving the SDGs
Strengthening Africa’s Capacity to Trade
Open global trade has had positive effects for African industrialization and development. Keeping markets open and predictable as well as fostering a more generally favourable business environment will be critical to spur renewed investment in Africa and support the continent’s economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. This report looks at efforts to help African countries build capacity and to take fuller advantage of the benefits that trade brings. It examines various activities and projects the WTO is implementing in the continent including in the areas of trade facilitation compliance with sanitary and phytosanitary regulations and capacity building for trade and production. The report also looks into projects aimed at mainstreaming trade into the national development strategies of African countries. International cooperation a multilaterally coordinated response to the COVID-19 crisis and a reinvigorated multilateral trading system have the potential to lessen the effects of the pandemic and bolster Africa’s economic growth.
Rapport sur le Commerce Mondial 2014
Le Rapport sur le commerce mondial 2014 examine comment quatre grandes tendances économiques récentes ont modifié la façon dont les pays en développement peuvent se servir du commerce pour favoriser leur développement. Ces tendances sont l'essor économique des pays en développement l'intégration croissante de la production mondiale à travers les chaînes d'approvisionnement la hausse des prix des produits agricoles et des ressources naturelles et la plus grande interdépendance de l'économie mondiale. Le Rapport examine aussi le rôle de l'OMC.
Trade and Poverty Reduction
Global trade has contributed strongly to reducing poverty but important challenges remain in making trade work for the poorest. This publication presents eight case studies to reveal how trade can help to reduce poverty in developing countries. It focuses on four constraints faced by the extremely poor – namely that they tend to live in rural areas work in the informal sector live in fragile and conflict-affected regions and face gender inequality. The case studies identify ways to overcome these constraints including through the adoption of policies that maximize the contribution of trade to poverty reduction. The studies also highlight the ongoing gaps in data and research that constrain policy-making. The publication is a follow-up to The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty co-published by the WTO and the World Bank in 2015 which examined the challenges the poor face in benefiting from trade opportunities. The country-specific approach of this new publication complements the global perspective of the previous report.
World Trade Report 2013
The world is changing with extraordinary rapidity driven by many influences including shifts in production and consumption patterns continuing technological innovation new ways of doing business and of course policy. The World Trade Report 2013 focuses on how trade is both a cause and an effect of change and looks into the factors shaping the future of world trade. One of the most significant drivers of change is technology. Not only have revolutions in transport and communications transformed our world but new developments such as 3D printing and the continuing spread of information technology will continue to do so. Trade and foreign direct investment together with a greater geographical spread of income growth and opportunity will integrate a growing number of countries into more extensive international exchange. Higher incomes and larger populations will put new strains on both renewable and non-renewable resources calling for careful resource management. Environmental issues will also call for increasing attention.
Training and Technical Assistance
Over 14700 participants from developing countries benefited from WTO training courses and distance learning programmes in 2014. This training has been instrumental in helping government officials gain a greater understanding of the multilateral trading system and in helping developing countries tackle the challenges of being a WTO member enforce their rights and meet their obligations.
World Trade Report 2014
The World Trade Report 2014 looks at how four recent major economic trends have changed how developing countries can use trade to facilitate development: the economic rise of developing economies the growing integration of global production through supply chains the higher prices for agricultural goods and natural resources and the increasing interdependence of the world economy. It also looks into what role the WTO can play.
Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2014
El Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2014 analiza la forma en que cuatro importantes tendencias económicas recientes han cambiado la manera en que los países en desarrollo pueden utilizar el comercio para impulsar su crecimiento. Esas tendencias son el auge de las economías en desarrollo la integración creciente de la producción mundial a través de las cadenas de suministro el aumento de los precios de los productos agropecuarios y los recursos naturales y la interdependencia creciente de la economía mundial. Además en el informe se expone la función que puede desempeñar la OMC en ese proceso.
Globalization and informal jobs in developing countries
This study focuses on the relationship between trade and the growth of the informal economy in developing countries. Based on existing academic literature complemented with new empirical research by the ILO and the WTO the study discusses how trade reform affects different aspects of the informal economy. It also examines how high rates of informal employment diminish the scope for developing countries to translate trade openness into sustainable long-term growth.
Global Value Chain Development Report 2019
This report takes stock of the evolution of global value chains (GVCs) in light of technological developments such as robotics big data and the Internet of Things. It discusses how these technologies are reshaping GVCs and examines the effect of these changes on labor markets in developed and developing economies and on supply chain management. The report discusses how technological developments are creating new opportunities for the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises in global value chains and reviews issues related to GVC measurement. The report is a follow-up to the first Global Value Chain Development Report which revealed the changing nature of international trade when analyzed in terms of value chains and value-added trade.
Trade Impacts of LDC Graduation
A new report issued by the WTO on 8 May seeks to help least developed countries (LDCs) better understand the trade-related implications of graduation from LDC status. The product of a joint effort between the WTO and the Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF) “Trade Impacts of LDC Graduation” looks at how graduation may affect LDCs’ participation in world trade including their access to export markets and implications for their WTO commitments.
Rapport sur le Commerce Mondial 2013
Le monde change à une incroyable vitesse et ce sous l’influence de nombreux facteurs y compris l’évolution des modes de production et de consommation l’innovation technologique permanente les nouvelles façons de faire du commerce et bien sûr la politique. Le Rapport sur le commerce mondial 2013 montre en quoi le commerce est à la fois une cause et un effet du changement et examine les facteurs qui façonnent l’avenir du commerce mondial.
African Perspectives on Trade and the WTO
Twenty-first century Africa is in a process of economic transformation but challenges remain in areas such as structural reform governance commodity pricing and geopolitics. This book looks into key questions facing the continent such as how Africa can achieve deeper integration into the rules-based multilateral trading system and the global economy. It provides a range of perspectives on the future of the multilateral trading system and Africa's participation in global trade and underlines the supportive roles that can be played by multilateral and regional institutions during such a rapid and uncertain transition. This volume is based on contributions to the Fourth China Round Table on WTO Accessions and the Multilateral Trading System which took place just before the WTO's Tenth Ministerial Conference in Nairobi in December 2015.
Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2013
El mundo está cambiando con extraordinaria rapidez bajo la influencia de numerosos factores entre otros la evolución de las pautas de producción y consumo la constante innovación tecnológica las nuevas formas de comerciar y evidentemente las políticas. El Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2013 se centra en el comercio como causa y efecto del cambio y examina los factores que configuran el futuro del comercio mundial.
Trade Impacts of LDC Graduation
Graduation from the status of least-developed country (LDC) marks an important milestone in the development path of each LDC. At the same time the phasing-out of international support measures associated with LDC status including trade preferences and special treatment in the WTO could present challenges for graduating LDCs in their efforts to continue integration into the global economy. A quarter of LDCs were on track to graduate from LDC status prior to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. “Trade impacts of LDC graduation: Insights from countryspecific market access analyses” complements the report “Trade impacts of LDC graduation” issued in May 2020 and examines in greater detail the impact of graduation on preferential market access for each of the 12 graduating LDCs. The report looks at the export structure of graduating LDCs the likely increase of tariffs on their exported products and projected changes in trade flows employing a partial equilibrium model. It sheds light on products and destination markets that require specific attention from graduating LDCs as they prepare for graduation.
The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty
The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty looks at the complex relationships between economic growth poverty reduction and trade and examines the challenges that poor people face in benefiting from trade opportunities. Written jointly by the World Bank Group and the WTO the publication examines how trade could make a greater contribution to ending poverty by increasing efforts to lower trade costs improve the enabling environment implement trade policy in conjunction with other areas of policy better manage risks faced by the poor and improve data used for policy-making.
Connecting to Global Markets
This book brings together contributions from the 14 WTO chair-holders of the first phase of the WTO Chairs Programme (2010-2014). The volume is divided into four sections focusing on export diversification the role of non-tariff measures the rule of law in connecting to global markets and the role of the Aid for Trade initiative in building trade capacity and overcoming supply side constraints.
Adaptación a la era del comercio digital
El informe Adaptación a la era del comercio digital: desafíos y oportunidades analiza cómo la rápida adopción de tecnologías digitales podría ayudar a los países en desarrollo a aumentar su participación en el comercio mundial. También examina la manera en que las políticas nacionales y la cooperación internacional pueden contribuir a crear un futuro más próspero e inclusivo para esos países. Esta publicación marca la conclusión de la segunda fase del Programa de Cátedras OMC (PCO). En ella se recogen las contribuciones de los titulares de las Cátedras OMC (fases I y II) los miembros del Consejo Consultivo el equipo del PCO de la OMC y otros funcionarios de la Secretaría de la Organización. El PCO es una parte importante de las iniciativas de la OMC destinadas a crear capacidad comercial y colaborar con las instituciones académicas de los países en desarrollo.
S’adapter à l’ère du commerce numérique
S’adapter à l’ère du commerce numérique : défis et possibilités examine comment l’adoption rapide des technologies numériques pourrait aider les pays en développement à accroître leur participation au commerce mondial. Il analyse également le rôle que les politiques nationales et la coopération internationale peuvent jouer dans la création d’un avenir plus prospère et plus inclusif pour ces pays. Cette publication marque la conclusion de la deuxième phase du Programme de chaires de l’OMC (PCO). Elle rassemble des contributions de titulaires de chaires du PCO de membres du Conseil consultatif de l’équipe PCO à l’OMC et d’autres fonctionnaires du Secrétariat. Le PCO joue un rôle important dans les efforts déployés par l’OMC pour renforcer les capacités commerciales et travailler conjointement avec les institutions universitaires des pays en développement.
Adapting to the Digital Trade Era
Adapting to the digital trade era: challenges and opportunities looks at how the rapid adoption of digital technologies could help developing countries increase their participation in world trade. It also reviews the role that domestic policies and international co-operation can play in creating a more prosperous and inclusive future for these countries. This publication marks the conclusion of the second phase of the WTO Chairs Programme (WCP). It brings together contributions from the WCP Chairholders of Phases I and II Advisory Board members the WCP team at the WTO and other WTO Secretariat staff. The WCP is an important part of the WTO's efforts to build trade capacity and to work jointly with academic institutions in developing countries.
Easing Trade Bottlenecks of Landlocked Developing Countries
Without direct access to a sea or ocean and isolated from the world’s largest markets landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) face many challenges to integrate into global supply chains. This report identifies specific trade bottlenecks in LLDCs which have increased trading costs lengthened the time to process goods at the border and restricted the movement of goods across borders. Compounded by the devastating effect of the COVID-19 pandemic LLDCs have seen trade decline more sharply and for longer than the rest of the world. The report demonstrates the vital role the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) can play in boosting output and facilitating world trade by simplifying modernizing and harmonizing the movement release and clearance of goods. Participation in the TFA can broaden the opportunities for developing countries – and LLDCs in particular – to participate more fully in global value chains. The report concludes with recommendations on the steps that LLDCs neighbouring transit countries and international organizations can undertake to ease trade bottlenecks to keep trade flowing smoothly and to make trade more inclusive.
Mitigar los escollos comerciales en los países en desarrollo sin litoral
Al no tener acceso directo a un mar o un océano y estar aislados de los mayores mercados del mundo los países en desarrollo sin litoral (PDSL) se enfrentan a muchas dificultades para integrarse en las cadenas de suministro mundiales. En el presente informe se describen los cuellos de botella comerciales específicos de los PDSL que aumentan los costos del comercio alargan el tiempo necesario para procesar las mercancías en la frontera y restringen la circulación de mercancías a través de las fronteras. Además del efecto devastador de la pandemia de COVID-19 los PDSL han experimentado una disminución del comercio más pronunciada y prolongada que el resto del mundo. En este informe se muestra la función esencial que puede desempeñar el Acuerdo sobre Facilitación del Comercio (AFC) de la OMC para impulsar la producción y fomentar el comercio mundial mediante la simplificación modernización y armonización del movimiento el levante y el despacho de las mercancías. La participación en el AFC puede ampliar las oportunidades de los países en desarrollo y los PDSL en particular para participar más plenamente en las cadenas de valor mundiales. El informe se concluye con recomendaciones sobre las medidas que pueden adoptar los PDSL los países de tránsito vecinos y las organizaciones internacionales en aras de mitigar los cuellos de botella comerciales para mantener la fluidez del comercio transfronterizo y lograr que este sea más inclusivo.
Atténuer les goulets d'étranglement d'ordre commercial dans les pays en développement sans littoral
Sans accès direct à la mer ou aux océans et isolés des plus grands marchés du monde les pays en développement sans littoral (PDSL) rencontrent de nombreuses difficultés pour s'intégrer dans les chaînes d'approvisionnement mondiales. Ce rapport recense les goulets d'étranglement commerciaux spécifiques qui existent dans les PDSL et qui accroissent les coûts de l'activité commerciale allongent les délais de traitement des marchandises aux frontières et limitent la circulation transfrontières des marchandises. Voyant leur situation aggravée par les effets dévastateurs de la pandémie de COVID-19 les PDSL ont enregistré une baisse plus marquée des échanges et pendant plus longtemps que le reste du monde. Ce rapport montre le rôle vital que peut jouer l'Accord sur la facilitation des échanges (AFE) pour stimuler la production et faciliter le commerce mondial en simplifiant en modernisant et en harmonisant les procédures pour la circulation la mainlevée et le dédouanement des marchandises. La participation à l'AFE peut accroître les possibilités des pays en développement – et en particulier les PDSL – de participer plus pleinement aux chaînes de valeur mondiales. Le rapport se conclut par des recommandations concernant les mesures pouvant être prises par les PDSL les pays de transit voisins et les organisations internationales pour atténuer les goulets d'étranglement d'ordre commercial afin de maintenir la fluidité des échanges et de rendre le commerce plus inclusif.
WTO contribution to the 2022 UN High-Level Political Forum
The WTO is playing an important role in the achievement of the UN's Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development and collaborates closely with the UN's Department for Economic and Social Affairs in monitoring progress in attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Since 2016 the WTO has submitted annual reports to the UN's High-level Political Forum (HLPF) on WTO efforts to achieve trade-specific targets in the SDGs. In its 2022 report the WTO provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between trade and SDGs 4 (“quality education”) 5 (“gender equality”) 14 (“life below water”) 15 (“life on land”) and 17 (“partnerships for the Goals”) as well as the WTO’s role in contributing to the realisation of these five goals.
Textiles and clothing in Asian graduating LDCs
The textiles and clothing sector has been a key driver of export growth in least-developed countries (LDCs) that are on the path of graduation especially from Asia. Graduation from LDC status would imply loss of LDC trade preferences. This report a product of inter-agency collaboration examines impacts of graduation for Asian graduating LDCs; it looks at market access scenario after graduation the nature of their participation in global value chains and business insights including at the firm level. The report also offers a forward-looking perspective to ensure a smooth transition from LDC status. It sheds light on possible strategies to maintain market access after graduation and to support industrial upgrade and economic diversification. In addition the report points to other factors affecting export potential of textiles and clothing including increased attention to environmental and social standards. LDC-focused development assistance could play an important role in supporting these countries with bolstering the overall competitiveness of their textiles and clothing sector.
Boosting trade opportunities for least-developed countries
This report looks at progress over the past decade in supporting the integration of least-developed countries (LDCs) into the multilateral trading system. Prepared as the WTO's contribution to the 5th United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries (LDC5) the report highlights that international efforts to help LDCs increase their participation in global trade are needed more than ever before in view of the enormous challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Important progress has been achieved in boosting LDC exports over the last decade by improving market access opportunities for LDCs and by granting them flexibilities in the implementation of WTO rules. Further efforts will be needed to support trade growth in LDCs in the next decade. LDC5 can set a path for allowing LDCs to fully realize their trade potential and to take advantage of emerging opportunities. The integration of LDCs into global trade is still a priority as trade can play an important role in driving economic growth and supporting sustainable development.
Le financement du commerce en Afrique de l'Ouest
Le 12 octobre 2022 la Directrice générale de l’OMC Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala et le Directeur général de la Société financière internationale (SFI) Makhtar Diop ont lancé une publication conjointe sur le financement du commerce en Afrique de l’Ouest (Trade Finance in West Africa) à Washington DC. S’appuyant sur les résultats d’une enquête menée auprès des banques des quatre plus grandes économies de la Communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO) — Côte d’Ivoire Ghana Nigéria et Sénégal — la publication évalue l’insuffisance du financement du commerce dans ces pays. Elle souligne également les moyens de supprimer les obstacles aux facilités de crédit et de libérer le potentiel commercial de la région.
Aid for Trade at a Glance 2022
This report analyses the evolution of Aid for Trade flows in a context marked by crises of unprecedented magnitude with significant impacts on trade and investment. Under the theme “Empowering Connected Sustainable Trade” it shows that Aid for Trade was an important tool in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and can help address emerging challenges such as the environmental and digital transitions while ensuring that no one is left behind. Recent data indicate that a shift is under way to put sustainability including green transition and women’s empowerment at the heart of Aid for Trade and point to its potential to support an inclusive and sustainable recovery.
Trade finance in West Africa
A joint publication on “Trade Finance in West Africa” was launched by Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and International Finance Corporation (IFC) Managing Director Makhtar Diop on 12 October in Washington DC. Using the results of a survey of banks in the four largest economies of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) — Côte d’Ivoire Ghana Nigeria and Senegal — the publication assesses the shortfall in trade finance in these countries. It also outlines ways of removing obstacles to credit facilities and of unleashing the trade potential of the region.
Harnessing Services Trade for Sustainable Growth
The services sector has been the main source of economic growth in recent decades. Logistics finance and information technologies are essential to the functioning of modern economies while business services healthcare and entertainment are among the world’s fastest growing sectors. This publication – co-published by the WTO and the World Bank – underlines the contribution that trade and investment in services can make to economic growth and development. It highlights in particular the importance of re-energizing international cooperation on services trade and encourages reflection on how best to mobilize assistance for developing and least-developed economies in implementing services sector reforms so that they can reap the gains from expanded trade and investment in services.
Renforcer les capacités commerciales de l’Afrique
La apertura del comercio mundial ha tenido efectos positivos en la industrialización y el desarrollo de África. Mantener la apertura y la previsibilidad de los mercados y promover de manera más general un entorno favorable para la actividad empresarial será esencial para estimular la reactivación de las inversiones que se requiere para una rápida recuperación económica tras la pandemia de COVID-19. En este informe se examinan los esfuerzos realizados para ayudar a los países africanos a crear capacidad y aprovechar más plenamente los beneficios que reporta el comercio. Se consideran diversas actividades y proyectos que la OMC está llevando a cabo en el continente en particular en el ámbito de la facilitación del comercio el cumplimiento de la reglamentación sanitaria y fitosanitaria y la creación de capacidad para el comercio y la producción. También se examinan proyectos destinados a incorporar el comercio en las estrategias nacionales de desarrollo de los países africanos. La cooperación internacional una respuesta multilateral coordinada a la crisis de la COVID-19 y la revitalización del sistema multilateral de comercio pueden mitigar los efectos de la pandemia e impulsar el crecimiento económico de África. L’ouverture du commerce mondial a eu des effets positifs sur l’industrialisation et le développement de l’Afrique. Pour stimuler le renouvellement des investissements sur le continent et soutenir le redressement économique de ce dernier après la pandémie de COVID-19 il sera essentiel de maintenir l’ouverture et la prévisibilité des marchés ainsi que de favoriser un environnement économique généralement plus favorable. Le présent rapport examine les efforts déployés pour aider les pays africains à renforcer leurs capacités et à mieux tirer parti des avantages du commerce. Il analyse les activités et projets divers que l’OMC met en oeuvre sur le continent notamment dans les domaines de la facilitation des échanges du respect des réglementations sanitaires et phytosanitaires et du renforcement des capacités en matière de commerce et de production. Il rend également compte des projets visant à intégrer le commerce dans les stratégies nationales de développement des pays africains. La coopération internationale une réponse coordonnée à la crise liée à la COVID-19 au niveau multilatéral et un système commercial multilatéral redynamisé peuvent atténuer les effets de la pandémie et stimuler la croissance économique de l’Afrique.
Fortaleciendo la capacidad comercial de África
La apertura del comercio mundial ha tenido efectos positivos en la industrialización y el desarrollo de África. Mantener la apertura y la previsibilidad de los mercados y promover de manera más general un entorno favorable para la actividad empresarial será esencial para estimular la reactivación de las inversiones que se requiere para una rápida recuperación económica tras la pandemia de COVID-19. En este informe se examinan los esfuerzos realizados para ayudar a los países africanos a crear capacidad y aprovechar más plenamente los beneficios que reporta el comercio. Se consideran diversas actividades y proyectos que la OMC está llevando a cabo en el continente en particular en el ámbito de la facilitación del comercio el cumplimiento de la reglamentación sanitaria y fitosanitaria y la creación de capacidad para el comercio y la producción. También se examinan proyectos destinados a incorporar el comercio en las estrategias nacionales de desarrollo de los países africanos. La cooperación internacional una respuesta multilateral coordinada a la crisis de la COVID-19 y la revitalización del sistema multilateral de comercio pueden mitigar los efectos de la pandemia e impulsar el crecimiento económico de África.
Examen global 2022 de l'Aide pour le commerce
L’Aide pour le commerce vise à permettre aux pays en développement et en particulier aux pays les moins avancés (PMA) d’utiliser le commerce comme moyen de promouvoir la croissance économique le développement durable et la réduction de la pauvreté. Elle favorise l’intégration des pays en développement en particulier les PMA dans le système commercial multilatéral et vise à stimuler le soutien pour renforcer les capacités du côté de l’offre et l’infrastructure liée au commerce dans ces pays afin d’améliorer les résultats commerciaux. Cette publication s’appuie sur les réponses au questionnaire fournies par les personnes interrogées dans le cadre de l’exercice 2022 de suivi et d’évaluation de l’Aide pour le commerce de l’OCDE et de l’OMC qui sert de base à l’Examen global de l’Aide pour le commerce 2022 de l’OMC. Elle présente une analyse des réponses au questionnaire de suivi et d’évaluation et détaille les domaines et questions prioritaires pour l’Initiative Aide pour le commerce pour 2022 et les années à venir.
Examen Global de la Ayuda para el Comercio 2022
La Ayuda para el Comercio tiene por objeto permitir a los países en desarrollo y en particular a los países menos adelantados (PMA) utilizar el comercio para fomentar el crecimiento económico el desarrollo sostenible y la reducción de la pobreza. Promueve la integración de los países en desarrollo especialmente los PMA en el sistema multilateral de comercio y su objetivo es movilizar el apoyo necesario para crear capacidad de oferta e infraestructura relacionada con el comercio en estos países a fin de mejorar los resultados comerciales. La presente publicación se basa en las respuestas al cuestionario facilitadas por los participantes en el marco del ejercicio conjunto de vigilancia y evaluación de la OCDE y la OMC de 2022 en el que se sustenta el Examen Global de la Ayuda para el Comercio 2022 de la OMC. En ella se analizan las respuestas al cuestionario de vigilancia y evaluación y se describen las esferas y cuestiones prioritarias relativas a la iniciativa de Ayuda para el Comercio para 2022 y los próximos años.
Aid for Trade Global Review 2022
Aid for Trade seeks to enable developing countries and in particular least-developed countries (LDCs) to use trade as a means of fostering economic growth sustainable development and poverty reduction. It promotes the integration of developing countries especially LDCs into the multilateral trading system and aims to galvanize support to build supply-side capacity and trade-related infrastructure in these countries to improve trade performance. This publication draws on the responses provided by participants to the questionnaire of the 2022 OECD–WTO Aid for Trade monitoring and evaluation (M&E) exercise which underpins the WTO’s 2022 Global Review of Aid for Trade. This publication presents an analysis of the M&E questionnaire responses and describes priority areas and issues for the Aid for Trade Initiative for 2022 and the coming years.
WTO’s Contribution to Attaining UN Sustainable Development Goals
This report which was submitted to the UN High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development in 2023 highlights the role of trade in helping countries recover from the COVID-19 pandemic and meet the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It also underlines the WTO’s contribution to improving livelihoods and making trade work for people.
Making trade work for women
In December 2022 the Gender Research Hub organized alongside the WTO the World Trade Congress on Gender – the first international research conference to focus on trade and gender. This high-level event brought together eminent trade and gender experts to present the latest research in the field. It also provided a platform for researchers and policymakers to exchange views and build partnerships to promote further innovative research. This publication builds on many of the research papers presented by trade and gender researchers at the Congress. The research presented at the Congress and in this publication reaffirms key gender principles and provides evidence that women face higher barriers than men when seeking to access opportunities created by trade. It also shows that trade policy can help women overcome obstacles. In addition the research reaffirms the importance of making trade inclusive and demonstrates that making trade policies more responsive to gender issues improves gender equality in trade supports poverty reduction and fosters sustainable growth.
El comercio de servicios para el desarrollo
El sector de los servicios ha sido la principal fuente de crecimiento económico en los últimos decenios. La logística las finanzas y las tecnologías de la información son esenciales para el funcionamiento de las economías modernas; por otro lado los servicios prestados a las empresas la atención sanitaria y el esparcimiento son algunos de los sectores que más rápido han crecido a nivel mundial. Esta publicación conjunta de la OMC y el Banco Mundial pone de relieve la contribución que el comercio y la inversión en el sector de los servicios pueden hacer al crecimiento económico y al desarrollo. Destaca en particular la importancia de revitalizar la cooperación internacional en el sector del comercio de servicios y fomenta la reflexión sobre la mejor manera de movilizar la asistencia para las economías en desarrollo y las menos adelantadas respecto de la aplicación de las reformas relacionadas con los servicios a fin de que esas economías puedan aprovechar los beneficios de la expansión del comercio y la inversión en el sector de los servicios.
Le commerce des services pour le développement
Au cours des dernières décennies le secteur des services a été la principale source de croissance économique. Si la logistique la finance et les technologies de l'information jouent un rôle essentiel dans le fonctionnement des économies modernes les services fournis aux entreprises les soins de santé et les loisirs figurent parmi les secteurs dont la croissance est la plus forte au monde. Cette publication – publiée conjointement par la Banque mondiale et l'OMC – met en avant la contribution que le commerce et l'investissement dans le secteur des services peuvent apporter à la croissance et au développement économiques. Elle souligne en particulier qu'il est important de redynamiser la coopération internationale dans le commerce des services et invite à réfléchir sur la manière de mobiliser au mieux l'aide pour les économies en développement et les économies les moins avancées dans la mise en œuvre des réformes du secteur des services afin que celles-ci puissent tirer parti de l'expansion du commerce et de l'investissement dans ce secteur.
International Trade and Green Hydrogen
Hydrogen produced exclusively from renewable power – known as green hydrogen – is widely recognised as a key pillar in replacing fossil fuels and decarbonizing sectors that cannot easily be electrified such as some industrial processes shipping and aviation. This publication – jointly produced by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) – explores how trade policies can support the development of green hydrogen markets. The publication highlights in particular how lowering tariffs on key products building reliable infrastructure realigning domestic support programmes and developing green government procurement can foster the development of green hydrogen supply chains and the transition to a low-carbon economy. International trade could also play a significant role in matching supply and demand for green hydrogen as the potential for domestic production in some economies might not be enough to satisfy domestic demand. The publication also addresses the challenges and opportunities for developing economies offered by green hydrogen and its derivatives such as green methanol and green ammonia. It underscores the importance of international cooperation and the need to align regulatory frameworks to encourage technology development enhanced transparency and market growth.
Aid for Trade at a Glance 2024
Aid for Trade seeks to enable developing economies and in particular least-developed countries (LDCs) to use trade as a means of fostering economic growth sustainable development and poverty reduction. It promotes the integration of developing economies especially LDCs into the multilateral trading system and aims to galvanize support to build supply-side capacity and trade-related infrastructure in these economies to improve trade performance. This publication draws on the responses provided by participants to the questionnaire of the 2024 joint OECD–WTO Aid for Trade monitoring and evaluation (M&E) exercise which underpins the 2024 Global Review of Aid for Trade. It presents an analysis of the M&E questionnaire responses and provides information on Aid for Trade financing flows up to the year 2022. Drawing on the responses to the survey it describes priority areas for the Aid for Trade Initiative for 2024 and the coming years.
Aid for trade in Action
The transition to clean energy offers opportunities for developing economies and least-developed countries (LDCs) to exploit the export potential of this transition and to accelerate their growth prospects. The WTO-led Aid for Trade initiative provides significant support to these economies to help them develop their energy sectors and transition to clean energy. However sustained support is required to ensure that firms benefit from the trade opportunities that will emerge as a result of the clean energy transition. This report highlights the role that Aid for Trade can play in mobilizing financial resources to deliver targeted assistance and to help developing economies unlock export opportunities created by clean energy. It also underlines the role of development partners in helping firms integrate into clean energy value chains by investing in the production of clean energy technologies such as green hydrogen and solar power.
Panorama de l'Aide pour le commerce 2022
Le présent rapport analyse l’évolution des flux d’Aide pour le commerce dans un contexte marqué par des crises d’une ampleur sans précédent qui ont des conséquences importantes pour le commerce et l’investissement. Intitulé «Permettre un commerce connecté et durable» il montre que l’Aide pour le commerce a été un outil important dans la lutte contre la pandémie de COVID-19 et peut aider à relever des défis nouveaux comme la transition écologique et la transition numérique et dans le même temps à faire en sorte que nul ne soit laissé de côté. Des données récentes font ressortir le changement qui s’opère actuellement pour placer la durabilité y compris la transition verte et l’autonomisation des femmes au coeur de l’Aide pour le commerce et soulignent le potentiel de celle-ci à l’appui d’une reprise inclusive et durable.
La Ayuda para el Comercio en síntesis 2022
En el presente informe se analiza la evolución de las corrientes de Ayuda para el Comercio en un contexto marcado por crisis de una magnitud sin precedentes y con fuertes repercusiones en el comercio y la inversión. El informe titulado “Posibilitar un comercio conectado y sostenible” muestra que la Ayuda para el Comercio ha sido un instrumento importante en la lucha contra la pandemia de COVID-19 y puede ayudar a afrontar los desafíos emergentes como la transición ambiental y digital y al mismo tiempo hacer que nadie se quede atrás. Según datos recientes se está produciendo un cambio orientado a que la sostenibilidad que pasa entre otras cosas por la transición verde y el empoderamiento de la mujer ocupe un lugar central en la Ayuda para el Comercio y esta tiene el potencial de respaldar una recuperación inclusiva y sostenible.
World Trade Report 2024
Over the past 30 years the world has witnessed a period of unprecedented income convergence as the wide gap in income levels between economies has narrowed. Economic growth has improved living conditions and prospects for many people around the world. However not all individuals regions and economies have benefited equally from the changes brought about by more open trade. The World Trade Report 2024 explores the complex interlinkages between trade and inclusiveness across and within economies.Openness to international trade can drive economic growth but many low- and middle-income economies struggle to diversify or to integrate into world trade. Although trade supports numerous jobs and provides access to affordable goods and services some individuals can face challenges in adapting to new economic conditions following trade openness. However trade protectionism neither protects the overall economy nor promotes inclusiveness within economies. Diversifying global value chains reducing trade costs through digitalization and transitioning to a low-carbon economy can create new opportunities for low- and middle-income economies. Addressing remaining barriers to trade and investment facilitating the implementation of existing WTO agreements and ensuring that the WTO is fit for new challenges are crucial to support inclusiveness across and within economies. Furthermore trade policies need to be complemented by domestic measures such as labour education and competition policies so that the gains from trade can flow to workers and consumers and so that those individuals can move to benefit from those gains. WTO cooperation with other international organizations can magnify combined action on inclusiveness across and within economies.
Preferential Trade Agreements in Africa: Lessons from the Tripartite Free Trade Agreements and an African Continent-Wide FTA
Economic transformation is an important pre-requisite for African countries to maximize the benefits of globalization. The development outcomes of the transformation process are conditioned on the one hand by the level of inclusiveness and on the other by the sustainability of the development pathways among other factors. Building on experiences since the new millennium in which Africa has witnessed rapid and sustained high levels of economic growth and informed by the policy discourse that accompanied the formulation of the Common African Position on Sustainable Development Goals African countries have charted a transformation path in which they aspire to play to their comparative advantages.