Development and building trade capacity

Le rapport sur le commerce mondial 2003 est entièrement centré sur le développement. En expliquant la génèse du problème et en proposant un cadre d'analyse dans lequel traiter la question des rapports entre commerce et développement, il vise à aider chacun à débattre en toute connaissance de cause et à mieux évaluer les options qui s'offrent aux gouvernements pour faire face aux défis du moment.

The WTO is central to achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which set targets to be achieved by 2030 in areas such as poverty reduction, health, education and the environment. The SDGs put significant emphasis on the role that trade plays in promoting sustainable development and recognize the contribution that the WTO can make to the 2030 Agenda. By delivering and implementin Read More

Le Rapport sur le commerce mondial 2014 examine comment quatre grandes tendances économiques récentes ont modifié la façon dont les pays en développement peuvent se servir du commerce pour favoriser leur développement. Ces tendances sont l'essor économique des pays en développement, l'intégration croissante de la production mondiale à travers les chaînes d'approvisionnement, la hausse des prix des produits agricoles et des ress Read More

The world is changing with extraordinary rapidity, driven by many influences, including shifts in production and consumption patterns, continuing technological innovation, new ways of doing business and, of course, policy. The World Trade Report 2013 focuses on how trade is both a cause and an effect of change and looks into the factors shaping the future of world trade. One of the most significant drivers of change is technology. Not only have r Read More

The World Trade Report 2014 looks at how four recent major economic trends have changed how developing countries can use trade to facilitate development: the economic rise of developing economies, the growing integration of global production through supply chains, the higher prices for agricultural goods and natural resources, and the increasing interdependence of the world economy. It also looks into what role the WTO can play.

This study focuses on the relationship between trade and the growth of the informal economy in developing countries. Based on existing academic literature, complemented with new empirical research by the ILO and the WTO, the study discusses how trade reform affects different aspects of the informal economy. It also examines how high rates of informal employment diminish the scope for developing countries to translate trade openness into sustainable l Read More

A new report issued by the WTO on 8 May seeks to help least developed countries (LDCs) better understand the trade-related implications of graduation from LDC status. The product of a joint effort between the WTO and the Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF), “Trade Impacts of LDC Graduation” looks at how graduation may affect LDCs’ participation in world trade, including their access to export markets, and implications for their WTO commitments.

Twenty-first century Africa is in a process of economic transformation, but challenges remain in areas such as structural reform, governance, commodity pricing and geopolitics. This book looks into key questions facing the continent, such as how Africa can achieve deeper integration into the rules-based multilateral trading system and the global economy. It provides a range of perspectives on the future of the multilateral trading system and Africa' Read More

Graduation from the status of least-developed country (LDC) marks an important milestone in the development path of each LDC. At the same time, the phasing-out of international support measures associated with LDC status, including trade preferences and special treatment in the WTO, could present challenges for graduating LDCs in their efforts to continue integration into the global economy. A quarter of LDCs were on track to graduate from Read More

This book brings together contributions from the 14 WTO chair-holders of the first phase of the WTO Chairs Programme (2010-2014). The volume is divided into four sections, focusing on export diversification, the role of non-tariff measures, the rule of law in connecting to global markets, and the role of the Aid for Trade initiative in building trade capacity and overcoming supply side constraints.

S’adapter à l’ère du commerce numérique : défis et possibilités examine comment l’adoption rapide des technologies numériques pourrait aider les pays en développement à accroître leur participation au commerce mondial. Il analyse également le rôle que les politiques nationales et la coopération internationale peuvent jouer dans la création d’un avenir plus prospère et plus inclusif pour ces pays. Cette publication marque la conclusion de la deuxième pha Read More

Without direct access to a sea or ocean and isolated from the world’s largest markets, landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) face many challenges to integrate into global supply chains. This report identifies specific trade bottlenecks in LLDCs, which have increased trading costs, lengthened the time to process goods at the border and restricted the movement of goods across borders. Compounded by the devastating effect of the COVID-19 pand Read More

Sans accès direct à la mer ou aux océans et isolés des plus grands marchés du monde, les pays en développement sans littoral (PDSL) rencontrent de nombreuses difficultés pour s'intégrer dans les chaînes d'approvisionnement mondiales. Ce rapport recense les goulets d'étranglement commerciaux spécifiques qui existent dans les PDSL et qui accroissent les coûts de l'activité commerciale, allongent les délais de traitement des marchandises a Read More

The textiles and clothing sector has been a key driver of export growth in least-developed countries (LDCs) that are on the path of graduation, especially from Asia. Graduation from LDC status would imply loss of LDC trade preferences. This report, a product of inter-agency collaboration, examines impacts of graduation for Asian graduating LDCs; it looks at market access scenario after graduation, the nature of their participation in global value chains a Read More

Le 12 octobre 2022, la Directrice générale de l’OMC, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, et le Directeur général de la Société financière internationale (SFI), Makhtar Diop, ont lancé une publication conjointe sur le financement du commerce en Afrique de l’Ouest (Trade Finance in West Africa), à Washington DC. S’appuyant sur les résultats d’une enquête menée auprès des banques des quatre plus grandes économies de la Communauté économique des États de l’Afrique Read More

A joint publication on “Trade Finance in West Africa” was launched by Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and International Finance Corporation (IFC) Managing Director Makhtar Diop on 12 October in Washington DC. Using the results of a survey of banks in the four largest economies of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) — Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal — the publication assesses the shortfall in trade finance Read More

La apertura del comercio mundial ha tenido efectos positivos en la industrialización y el desarrollo de África. Mantener la apertura y la previsibilidad de los mercados, y promover de manera más general un entorno favorable para la actividad empresarial, será esencial para estimular la reactivación de las inversiones que se requiere para una rápida recuperación económica tras la pandemia de COVID-19. En este informe se examinan los esfuerzos r Read More

L’Aide pour le commerce vise à permettre aux pays en développement, et en particulier aux pays les moins avancés (PMA), d’utiliser le commerce comme moyen de promouvoir la croissance économique, le développement durable et la réduction de la pauvreté. Elle favorise l’intégration des pays en développement, en particulier les PMA, dans le système commercial multilatéral et vise à stimuler le soutien pour renforcer les capacités du côté Read More

Aid for Trade seeks to enable developing countries, and in particular least-developed countries (LDCs), to use trade as a means of fostering economic growth, sustainable development and poverty reduction. It promotes the integration of developing countries, especially LDCs, into the multilateral trading system and aims to galvanize support to build supply-side capacity and trade-related infrastructure in these countries to improve trade performance. This pub Read More

In December 2022, the Gender Research Hub organized, alongside the WTO, the World Trade Congress on Gender – the first international research conference to focus on trade and gender. This high-level event brought together eminent trade and gender experts to present the latest research in the field. It also provided a platform for researchers and policymakers to exchange views and build partnerships to promote further innovative research. Th Read More

Au cours des dernières décennies, le secteur des services a été la principale source de croissance économique. Si la logistique, la finance et les technologies de l'information jouent un rôle essentiel dans le fonctionnement des économies modernes, les services fournis aux entreprises, les soins de santé et les loisirs figurent parmi les secteurs dont la croissance est la plus forte au monde. Cette publication – publiée conjointement par la Banque mondiale et l'O Read More

Aid for Trade seeks to enable developing economies, and in particular least-developed countries (LDCs), to use trade as a means of fostering economic growth, sustainable development and poverty reduction. It promotes the integration of developing economies, especially LDCs, into the multilateral trading system and aims to galvanize support to build supply-side capacity and trade-related infrastructure in these economies to improve trade perform Read More

Le présent rapport analyse l’évolution des flux d’Aide pour le commerce dans un contexte marqué par des crises d’une ampleur sans précédent, qui ont des conséquences importantes pour le commerce et l’investissement. Intitulé «Permettre un commerce connecté et durable», il montre que l’Aide pour le commerce a été un outil important dans la lutte contre la pandémie de COVID-19, et peut aider à relever des défis nouveaux comme la transition Read More

Over the past 30 years, the world has witnessed a period of unprecedented income convergence, as the wide gap in income levels between economies has narrowed. Economic growth has improved living conditions and prospects for many people around the world. However, not all individuals, regions and economies have benefited equally from the changes brought about by more open trade. The World Trade Report 2024 explores the complex interl Read More

Nous sommes heureux de formuler des remarques préliminaires au sujet de la présente compilation de travaux de recherche sur le commerce électronique établie par les titulaires de chaires de l’OMC, par les membres du Conseil consultatif et par l’équipe du Secrétariat de l’OMC chargée du Programme de chaires (PCO).

Le commerce électronique connaît une croissance rapide en Argentine et au Brésil et, dans ces deux pays, la part de la population qui effectue des transactions en ligne dépasse la moyenne enregistrée pour l’ensemble de l’Amérique latine. Les deux pays ont établi un cadre juridique pour la protection des données, la réglementation d’Internet, la protection des consommateurs, la fiscalité du commerce électronique et les contrats et signatures é Read More

The United Nations least-developed countries (LDC] category comprises the poorest and most vulnerable countries in the work! - those that face structural handicaps to their sustainable development. There are currently 47 LDCs, of which 33 are situated in Africa, 9 in Asia, 4 in the Pacific and 1 in the Caribbean. The LDCs account for 12% of the global population, but for less than 2% of world’s gross domestic product (GDP) and less than 1% of global expor Read More

The aim of this chapter is to examine the broad framework which has been evolved for the reception of Aid for Trade (AFT) in Namibia. The economic situation before this period included the prevalence of poverty, the HIV/AIDS pandemic, low educational opportunities and a very highly skewed or unequal distribution of the wealth of the country, which has increased income inequalities and unsustainable economic growth, as outlined in Namibia Visio Read More

This section outlines the main trends in the area of development cooperation over the most recent decade for which data are available. It provides an outline of the expected impact of graduation on several initiatives, with a particular focus on Official Development Assistance (ODA), Aid for Trade (AfT), technical cooperation, capacity building and participation in the UN system.

El valor en dólares de las transacciones de comercio electrónico en China ha aumentado enormemente durante los 20 últimos años, con el apoyo de una mejora de la infraestructura, el rápido crecimiento de la telefonía móvil y una mayor financiación. El mercado también se caracteriza por una mayor diversidad, ejemplo de la cual son el crecimiento de los servicios médicos electrónicos, la expansión del comercio electrónico transfronterizo y el Read More

Blockchain technology holds considerable promise to boost women’s participation in international trade. Blockchain’s anonymity and efficiency could enable many women, who otherwise would be constrained by law, custom or high costs, to engage in financial and business transactions. Blockchain can be used to enable women who lack identification documents to undertake transactions that otherwise would require official identification, and to prove their Read More

Considéré comme un moyen de réduire la dépendance des pays en développement vis-à-vis des marchés des pays développés et de diversifier les exportations du Sud au-delà des seuls produits primaires, le commerce Sud-Sud est depuis longtemps encouragé. Pour l’essentiel, les mécanismes mis en place en vue de favoriser la coopération entre pays en développement ont pris la forme d’arrangements sous-régionaux ou régionaux de nature s Read More

This study explores the status, challenges and opportunities of e-commerce in Mauritius. The share of the population making online purchases was 14 per cent in 2017, the secondhighest level (after Libya) in Africa, largely due to increases in internet use and penetration, coupled with increased credit card usage and the development of secure online payment systems. And Mauritius topped the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTA Read More

While recent technological advances have supported an increase in digital trade, this growth has occurred with a lack of clear and defined rules. This deficiency has become an issue for Latin American countries. With the multilateral trade regime impasse, more complex regional and bilateral agreements have emerged. The formulation of digital trade regulation raises many questions. In this chapter we deal with the new rules on digital trade in regi Read More

“Los datos son el nuevo petróleo”. Al igual que el petróleo, que impulsó la economía en el siglo pasado, los datos mueven el mundo hoy en día, especialmente en el caso del comercio internacional. El papel crucial que desempeñan los datos puede observarse en cada paso del proceso, desde la concepción de un nuevo producto y el abastecimiento de materias primas y piezas hasta el proceso de fabricación y el transporte de los producto Read More

Globalization and the opening of markets in developing economies to trade is believed to have affected informal employment in these countries. This chapter summarizes the theoretical arguments for such a link and presents the relevant empirical evidence. In particular, it asks the questions: What roles do trade reforms and trade expansion play in explaining changes in the share of informal employment? How does trade opening affect the relative wage of Read More

Le Rapport sur le commerce mondial 2013 analyse les tendances probables du commerce mondial et la manière dont les facteurs économiques, sociaux et politiques présents et futurs pourraient influer sur ces tendances. Les relations ne sont pas unidirectionnelles dès lors que le commerce est à la fois la cause et l’effet de certaines évolutions.

Trade can play an important role in boosting economic growth and supporting poverty reduction. The increased market access opportunities it offers can help countries create jobs, improve incomes and attract investments. The SDGs put significant emphasis on the role that trade plays in promoting sustainable development and recognize the contribution that the WTO can make to the 2030 Agenda.

Recent years have seen policymakers give increasing attention to two significant, widespread phenomena: rising inequality (the result of uneven access to productive employment) and the quickening pace of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) or “digital era”. This chapter explores the concept of inequality and why it is important to promote more inclusive growth, especially in developing countries. It also offers insights into how digital advances can serve Read More

El Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2013 examina las tendencias que probablemente marcarán el comercio mundial y el modo en que podrían influir los factores económicos, sociales y políticos actuales y futuros en dichas tendencias. No se trata de relaciones unidireccionales, ya que el comercio es a un tiempo causa y efecto de determinados fenómenos.

In China, the term “small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)” refers to “different forms of enterprises under different ownerships that are established within the territory of the People’s Republic of China that meet the social needs and create more job opportunities, and comply with the industrial policies of the State”. This definition is rather more complex than that in other countries, where the definition of SMEs tends to be based purely on their size. Read More

Launched during the 2005 WTO Ministerial Conference, which was held in Hong Kong, China, the WTO-led Aid for Trade initiative aims to help developing countries, particularly LDCs, build the supply-side capacity and trade-related infrastructure that they need to implement and benefit from WTO agreements and more broadly to expand their trade. The Aid for Trade Global Review, which usually takes place biennially, provides a platform to examine how Read More