Indonesia
Trade Policy Review: Indonesia 2020
“Trade Policy Reviews" analyse the trade policies and practices of each member of the WTO. The reviews consist of three parts: an independent report by the WTO Secretariat a report by the government and the concluding remarks by the Chair of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Body. The opening section - "key trade facts" - provides a visual overview of the WTO member's major exports/imports main export destinations origins for its imports and other key data. This edition looks into the trade practices of Indonesia.
Value chain governance in export commodities: The case of Indonesia
Indonesia has been regarded as one of the success stories of developing countries escaping the resource curse (Rosser 2004; 2007). In many developing countries instead of becoming a source of economic growth abundant natural resources have been associated with stagnant growth a condition known as the resource curse or the paradox of plenty. As argued by Sachs and Warner (1997) economies with abundant natural resources have tended to grow less rapidly than those with scarce natural resources. Similarly the resource curse has been defined as “the phenomenon whereby a country with an export-driven natural resources sector generating large revenues for government leads paradoxically to economic stagnation and political instability” (ODI 2006). This chapter will review the efforts undertaken by Indonesia to diminish its dependency on natural resources and to better connect to global value chains (GVCs).
Engaging in the digital economy: issues and agenda in the quest to adopt Indonesia’s e-commerce roadmap
The study explores structural and practical issues following the adoption of Indonesia’s e-commerce roadmap (2017–2019) and its implications for the future of the country’s digital economy. Two major categories of issues are examined in order to identify problems and challenges confronted by related stakeholders. The first category i.e. the structural one relates to the larger governance context of the country’s digital economy to which e-commerce activities are attached. The governance context includes the legal and regulatory context the institutionalizing mechanism and the implementing phases which involve socio- and politico-economic interplays among its key players. The second category represents practical dimensions which involve questions on the mitigation of and adaptation to concepts models and practices in the digital economy. Indonesia’s position on the moratorium on e-commerce and the local initiatives on digital economy are presented to illustrate mitigation efforts by related stakeholders in areas where disagreements and negotiations on certain structural and practical policy issues have arisen i.e. on Indonesia’s position on the World Trade Organization (WTO) moratorium on e-commerce and local initiatives (such as the ones in Yogyakarta) to develop a digital economy.