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National policies to mitigate, and adapt to, climate change, and their trade implications
Climate change mitigation and adaptation measures and policies intersect with international trade in a number of ways. Th is part reviews the range of policies to mitigate and adapt to the eff ects of climate change. It provides examples of national eff orts on climate change mitigation and adaptation whether voluntary or mandatory public or private. It is based mainly on national experiences and key literature on the topic. In broad terms it provides an overview of the rationale behind these mitigation and adaptation policies and their potential implications for the environment and trade. Th e key aspects in the design of climate change related measures are presented in order to draw a clearer picture of their overall potential and eff ects on environmental protection development and trade.
Resumen
El comercio internacional ofrece oportunidades extraordinarias para construir un mundo próspero resistente al cambio climático y sostenible desde el punto de vista ambiental.
Maximizing opportunities for cooperation on trade and environment
When a group of countries set about rebuilding the global trading system after World War II they were guided by the principle of multilateral trade cooperation as an effective way to avoid mutually defeating trade policies and to help build lasting peace. A key outcome was the 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) — the WTO’s predecessor.
Trade and quality infrastructure
Trade in solar PV goods and services can only help to build a competitive solar energy sector if the goods and services in question meet customer requirements and are otherwise fit for the purpose for which they are intended. Underperforming unreliable and failing products create barriers to the development and enhancement of solar PV and hamper the role of trade in promoting the technology's rapid diffusion across borders. A wellfunctioning QI system is a key tool to keep deficient sub-standard quality products from entering the supply chain and to build a competitive solar PV sector that delivers economic social and environmental benefits (IRENA 2017a).
The environmental dimension of trade in the SDGs
Achieving better economic growth and better environmental outcomes is an indispensable condition for achieving the SDGs. If economic growth continues along its current environmentally unsustainable trajectory the world risks compromising the prospects for future growth and human well-being and even undoing much of the progress made on both fronts during the past 50 years according to an OECD study. Forests wetlands and other forms of “natural capital” which make up almost 40% of the total wealth in developing and least-developed countries are under increased pressure due to air water and soil pollution along with rising greenhouse gas emissions says a recent World Bank report.
Résumé analytique
Le commerce international offre des possibilités uniques de bâtir un monde prospère résilient face aux changements climatiques et durable sur le plan environnemental.
Quels sont les liens entre lecommerce et l’environnement?
Ces dernières décennies l’économie mondiale a connu de profonds changements : la population a fortement augmenté et le revenu moyen a presque triplé depuis 1960. Pendant cette période l’intégration de nos économies n’a cessé de croître grâce aux progrès réalisés dans le domaine des technologies de l’information et de la communication parallèlement à la diminution des obstacles au commerce et à l’investissement au niveau mondial.
Foreword
During the past few decades trade has powered huge advances in economic development around the world. As the world economy has grown however so too have environmental challenges which in turn risk undermining wellbeing development health and economic growth itself.
Aprovechar al máximo las oportunidades de cooperación en materia de comercio e inversión
Cuando un grupo de países se dispuso a reconstruir el sistema mundial de comercio después de la segunda guerra mundial se guiaron por el principio de la eficacia de la cooperación comercial multilateral para evitar políticas comerciales que se invalidaran mutuamente y contribuir a instaurar una paz duradera. Uno de los principales resultados alcanzados fue el Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio (GATT) de 1947 el predecesor de la OMC.
Maximiser les possibilités de coopération en matière de commerce et d’environnement
Lorsqu’un groupe de pays a entrepris de rebâtir le système commercial mondial au sortir de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ces derniers sont partis du principe que la coopération commerciale multilatérale constituerait un moyen efficace d’éviter des politiques commerciales s’opposant mutuellement et de contribuer à instaurer une paix durable. Un des principaux résultats a été l’Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce de 1994 (GATT).
Can governments provide green support?
Since 2009 more than 5000 support measures for a host of environmental objectives have been notified to the WTO.
Établir des partenariats au service du commerce, de l’environnement et de la prospérité
Le monde est aujourd’hui plus interconnecté que jamais. L’échelle et l’étendue des chaînes de valeur mondiales ont à elles seules créé un nouveau paysage entrepreneurial et commercial ce qui a une influence sur les modes et les lieux de production et de consommation des biens et des services. Les pays sont bien davantage reliés les uns aux autres et les pays en développement jouent un rôle de plus en plus important dans le commerce international. En parallèle les changements climatiques se sont intensifiés et les catastrophes naturelles liées au climat se sont faites plus importantes et plus fréquentes perturbant parfois les réseaux de production.