Economic research and trade policy analysis

Over the last 3 decades, several developing countries have liberalized their trade regimes. This may have happened either due partially to conditionalities imposed by international organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund in response to emergency requests for loans, in the context of a country’s accession to the World Trade Organization, or as a result of the signature of a preferential trade agreement. In many cases, the reforms may hav Read More

El transporte aéreo, al igual que los demás servicios de transporte, está relacionado con el comercio internacional de dos maneras claras. En primer lugar, el transporte aéreo es objeto de comercio como servicio por derecho propio. En segundo lugar, es un servicio intermediario fundamental para muchos otros tipos de comercio, tanto en la esfera de los bienes como en la de los servicios (por ejemplo, en el turismo). Son muchos los estudios en los que se Read More

Part I described the system of food standards and trade rules created by members for members. With such a system in place, what is then required to keep it working and fit for purpose? And how can members take advantage of the benefits it has to offer?

The intangibility of services makes them analytically and statistically elusive. Systematic efforts to deepen our understanding of the economic role played by services – particularly at the international level – have only occurred in the last thirty years. These efforts have intensified recently with the increased presence of global value chains, where services fulfill a vital and complex role.

Since the 1980s many developed and developing countries have experienced increases in within-country inequality. The growing income gap has coincided with the period of increasing exposure of countries to globalization through increased flows of goods, services, capital and labour across international borders. These developments have instigated a large debate in the academic and policy circles as to whether globalization is responsible for the g Read More

A crucial step towards end-to-end trade digitalization is creating an ecosystem that allows for seamless exchanges of data between existing platforms. This requires developing and implementing globally accepted digital standards for trade. As these initiatives play a crucial role in shaping the landscape within which each DLT-in-trade project operates, standardization initiatives have been included in more detail in this updated version. To this end, these in Read More

The World Trade Report 2021 was prepared under the general responsibility and guidance of Anabel González, WTO Deputy Director-General, and Robert Koopman, Director of the Economic Research and Statistics Division. The report was coordinated by Eddy Bekkers and José-Antonio Monteiro. The authors of the report are Marc Auboin, Marc Bacchetta, Francesco Bellelli, Cosimo Beverelli, Eddy Bekkers, Emmanuelle Ganne, John Hancock, Katharina Lae Read More