Agriculture food and safety
Regulatory solutions and food systems thinking to counter food fraud in supply chains
All of the people and activities that play a part in growing transporting supplying and consuming food – known as the (agri-)food system – need to be involved in addressing the complexities of food fraud. Trade globalization the lengthening of food supply chains the fast growth of e-commerce of food and vast informal food economies all provide new possibilities for food fraud. This chapter presents different strategies for policymakers and regulators to counter food fraud – from regulatory strategies to intersectoral collaboration private-sector engagement and consumer information. It addresses the status of food fraud discussions in various intergovernmental bodies and advocates for broad food systems thinking and strengthened cooperation at the global regional and national levels.
Estados Unidos - Medidas que afectan a la producción y venta de cigarrillos de clavo de olor
El 02 de septiembre de 2011 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Medidas que afectan a la producción y venta de cigarrillos de clavo de olor”.
Communautés Européennes - Regime applicable à l’importation, à la vente et à la distribution des bananes
Le 09 septembre 1997 l’Organe d’appel a publié son rapport sur l’affaire “Communautes Europeennes - Regime applicable a l’importation a la vente et a la distribution des bananes”.
European Communities - Regime for the Importation, Sale and Distribution of Bananas
Complaints by Ecuador Guatemala Honduras Mexico and the United States. The complainants in this case other than Ecuador had requested consultations with the European Communities on the same issue on 28 September 1995 (DS16). After Ecuador’s accession to the WTO the current complainants again requested consultations with the European Communities on 5 February 1996. The complainants alleged that the European Communities’ regime for importation sale and distribution of bananas is inconsistent with Articles I II III X XI and XIII of the GATT 1994 as well as provisions of the Import Licensing Agreement the Agreement on Agriculture the TRIMs Agreement and the GATS.
Chile - Sistema de bandas de precios y medidas de salvaguardia aplicados a determinados productos agrícolas
El 03 de mayo de 2002 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Chile - Sistema de bandas de precios y medidas de salvaguardia aplicados a determinados productos agrícolas”.
Estados Unidos - Trato fiscal aplicado a las “empresas de ventas en el extranjero”
El 30 de agosto de 2002 la OMC hizo público el informe arbitral sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Trato fiscal aplicado a las “empresas de ventas en el extranjero””.
Communautés européennes - Subventions à l’exportation de sucre
Le 15 octobre 2004 l’OMC a publié le rapport du Groupe spécial dans l’affaire “Communautés européennes - Subventions à l’exportation de sucre”.
European Communities - Measures Affecting the Importation of Certain Poultry Products
On 24 February 1997 Brazil requested consultations with the EC in respect of the EC regime for the importation of certain poultry products and the implementation by the EC of the Tariff Rate Quota for these products. Brazil contended that the EC measures are inconsistent with Articles X and XXVII of GATT 1994 and Articles 1 and 3 of the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures. Brazil also contended that the measures nullify or impair benefits accruing to it directly or indirectly under GATT 1994.
Estados Unidos - Medidas de salvaguardia definitivas impuestas a las importaciones de gluten de trigo procedentes de las Comunidades Europeas
El 22 de diciembre de 2000 el Órgano de Apelación hizo público el informe sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Medidas de salvaguardia definitivas impuestas a las importaciones de gluten de trigo procedentes de las Comunidades Europeas”.
États-Unis - Traitement fiscal des “sociétés de ventes à l’étranger”
Le 08 octobre 1999 l’OMC a publié le rapport du Groupe spécial dans l’affaire “États-Unis - Traitement fiscal des “sociétés de ventes à l’étranger””.
Estados Unidos - Determinadas prescripciones en materia de etiquetado indicativo del país de origen (EPO) - Recurso 1
El 20 de octubre de 2014 la OMC emitió los informes del Grupo Especial sobre el cumplimiento en las diferencias “Estados Unidos — Determinadas prescripciones en materia de etiquetado indicativo del país de origen (EPO) — Recurso del Canadá y México al párrafo 5 del artículo 21 del ESD” (DS384 y DS386).
United States - Subsidies on Upland Cotton
On 27 September 2002 Brazil requested consultations with the United States regarding prohibited and actionable subsidies provided to US producers users and/or exporters of upland cotton as well as legislation regulations statutory instruments and amendments thereto providing such subsidies (including export credits) grants and any other assistance to the US producers users and exporters of upland cotton (“US upland cotton industry”). Brazil contended that these measures were inconsistent with the obligations of the United States under the following provisions: Articles 5(c) 6.3(b) (c) and (d) 3.1(a) (including item (j) of the Illustrative List of Export Subsidies in Annex I) 3.1(b) and 3.2 of the SCM Agreement; Articles 3.3 7.1 8 9.1 and 10.1 of the Agreement on Agriculture; and Article III:4 of GATT 1994. Brazil was of the view that the US statutes regulations and administrative procedures listed above were inconsistent with these provisions as such and as applied. On 9 October and 11 October 2002 Zimbabwe and India respectively requested to join the consultations. On 14 October 2002 Argentina and Canada requested to join the consultations. The United States informed the DSB that it had accepted the requests of Argentina and India to join the consultations.
Estados Unidos - Pautas para la gasolina reformulada y convencional
El 29 de enero de 1996 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Pautas para la gasolina reformulada y convencional”.
Corea - Medidas que afectan al comercio de embarcaciones comerciales
El 07 de marzo de 2005 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Corea - Medidas que afectan al comercio de embarcaciones comerciales”.
Indonesia - Importation of Horticultural Products, Animals and Animal Products
On 9 November 2017 the WTO Appellate Body issued its report in the cases brought by New Zealand and the United States in “Indonesia - Importation of Horticultural Products Animals and Animal Products”.
Union Européenne - Mesures communautaires concernant les viandes et les produits carnés (Hormones)
Le 18 août 1997 l’OMC a publié le rapport du Groupe spécial dans l’affaire “European Communities - Measures concerning meat and meat products (hormones)”.
United States - Certain Country of Origin Labelling (Cool) Requirements
On 1 December 2008 Canada requested consultations with the United States concerning certain mandatory country of origin labelling (COOL) provisions in the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 as amended by the 2008 Farm Bill and as implemented through an Interim Final Rule of 28 July 2008. These include the obligation to inform consumers at the retail level of the country of origin in respect of covered commodities including beef and pork. The eligibility for a designation of a covered commodity as exclusively having a US origin can only be derived from an animal that was exclusively born raised and slaughtered in the United States. This would exclude such a designation in respect of beef or pork derived from livestock that is exported to the United States for feed or immediate slaughter.
États-Unis - Certaines prescriptions en matière d’étiquetage indiquant le pays d’origine (EPO) - Recours 1
Le 20 octobre 2014 l’OMC a publié les rapports du Groupe spécial de la mise en conformité dans les différends “États-Unis — Certaines prescriptions en matière d’étiquetage indiquant le pays d’origine (EPO) — Recours du Canada et du Mexique à l’article 21:5 du Mémorandum d’accord sur le règlement des différends” (DS384 et DS386).
Indonésie - Importation de produits horticoles, d’animaux et de produits d’origine animale
Le 9 novembre 2017 l’Organe d’appel de l’OMC a publié son rapport dans les affaires introduites par la Nouvelle-Zélande et les États-Unis “Indonésie — Importation de produits horticoles d’animaux et de produits d’origine animale” (DS477 et DS478).
Fédération de Russie - Mesures visant l’importation de porcins vivants, de viande de porc et d’autres produits du porc en provenance de l’Union européenne
Le 19 août 2016 l’OMC a publié le rapport du Groupe spécial dans l’affaire engagée par l’Union européenne “Fédération de Russie — Mesures visant l’importation de porcins vivants de viande de porc et d’autres produits du porc en provenance de l’Union européenne” (WT/DS/475).