Books

El uso de documentos y transacciones electrónicos puede acelerar y aumentar el comercio. Los mensajes electrónicos pueden eliminar la necesidad de introducir datos en un ordenador manualmente en cada puesto de control de la cadena de suministro y posibilitan la reutilización de los datos. La finalidad de este conjunto de instrumentos es dar a conocer los instrumentos técnicos y jurídicos a los que se puede recurrir para adoptar sistemas de comercio transfronterizo sin papel y ventanillas únicas nacionales.

Las normas de la OMC respaldan los esfuerzos para hacer frente a la amenaza del comercio ilícito de productos médicos promoviendo la transparencia y la previsibilidad y sentando las bases para reforzar los controles reglamentarios y en frontera y aumentar la cooperación. En esta publicación se analizan las herramientas y las actividades de la OMC que pueden ayudar a los Miembros de la OMC a formular y fortalecer reforzar sus medidas de política comercial para combatir el comercio ilícito de productos médicos.

“Trade Policy Reviews" analyse the trade policies and practices of each member of the WTO. The reviews consist of three parts: an independent report by the WTO Secretariat a report by the government and the concluding remarks by the Chair of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Body. The opening section - "key trade facts" - provides a visual overview of the WTO member's major exports/imports main export destinations origins for its imports and other key data. This edition looks into the trade practices of Panama.

“Trade Policy Reviews" analyse the trade policies and practices of each member of the WTO. The reviews consist of three parts: an independent report by the WTO Secretariat a report by the government and the concluding remarks by the Chair of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Body. The opening section - "key trade facts" - provides a visual overview of the WTO member's major exports/imports main export destinations origins for its imports and other key data. This edition looks into the trade practices of Pakistan.

En los "Exámenes de las Políticas Comerciales" se analizan las políticas y prácticas comerciales de cada Miembro de la OMC. Los exámenes constan de tres partes: un informe independiente elaborado por la Secretaría de la OMC un informe elaborado por el Gobierno y las observaciones a modo de conclusión formuladas por el Presidente del Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales de la OMC. En la sección inicial -"principales datos sobre el comercio"- se ofrece un resumen gráfico de las principales exportaciones/importaciones los principales destinos de exportación los orígenes de las importaciones y otros datos importantes del Miembro de la OMC. En esta edición se examinan las prácticas comerciales de Panamá.

Las denominadas tecnologías disruptivas como la cadena de bloques la Internet de las cosas la inteligencia artificial y el aprendizaje automático pueden transformar la gestión de las fronteras y el desarrollo del comercio internacional. En esta publicación se examina cómo pueden utilizarse esas tecnologías avanzadas para mejorar la eficiencia de los trámites aduaneros y facilitar la circulación de mercancías a través de las fronteras.

This note examines how the war in Ukraine has affected global trade. It looks at how exports from Russia and Ukraine have evolved over the past year. It then analyses how countries highly dependent on Russian or Ukrainian exports of agricultural and primary goods have responded to the crisis and how prices and trade in goods greatly affected by the war have developed. These impacts reveal the repercussions of the war for developing economies and demonstrate the resilience of the multilateral trading system. This note highlights that a widespread push to reconsolidate global supply chains based on geopolitical considerations would come at a high cost. Reduced growth prospects could be particularly large for many developing countries especially least-developed countries. Their opportunity costs of foregoing further multilateral liberalization and moving to geopolitical rivalry instead could amount to 11.3 per cent of real GDP – placing further strain on the fragile situation triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic.

World Tariff Profiles 2022 provides comprehensive information on the tariffs and non-tariff measures imposed by over 170 countries and customs territories. The publication starts with a breakdown of the tariffs imposed by these economies. Tariff data are presented in comparative tables and in one-page profiles for each economy. A summary table on selected indicators on the imports and exports profile for these economies is also presented. Statistics on non‑tariff measures by country and by product group complement the data on tariffs. Under the special topics part there are two technical papers. The first one analyses the preferential rules of origin in international trade and the second one focuses on non-tariff measures on “green” and “brown” energy products. The publication is jointly prepared by the World Trade Organization the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the International Trade Centre (ITC).

Trade Profiles 2022 provides a series of key indicators on trade in goods and services for 197 economies. For merchandise trade major exports and imports are listed for both agricultural and non-agricultural products as well as major origins and destinations for total merchandise trade. For trade in services a detailed breakdown is provided for transport travel and other commercial services. Statistics on intellectual property are also provided. The information is available for all WTO members and observers and for other selected economies. For each economy the data is presented in a handy twopage format providing a concise overview of global trade. The publication is an invaluable reference tool for anyone looking for essential trade statistics.

The services sector has been the main source of economic growth in recent decades. Logistics finance and information technologies are essential to the functioning of modern economies while business services healthcare and entertainment are among the world’s fastest growing sectors. This publication – co-published by the WTO and the World Bank – underlines the contribution that trade and investment in services can make to economic growth and development. It highlights in particular the importance of re-energizing international cooperation on services trade and encourages reflection on how best to mobilize assistance for developing and least-developed economies in implementing services sector reforms so that they can reap the gains from expanded trade and investment in services.