Introduction

The war in Ukraine started one year ago. The human and economic costs are enormous and growing. Through trade, particularly in food and some raw materials, its effects have spread globally, manifested by supply chain disruptions and increased food insecurity. Early assessments of the impact of the war, including a WTO Secretariat note (WTO, 2022), laid out different scenarios for spill-overs to other regions and identified countries and sectors at heightened risk. After one year of war, the WTO Secretariat has reassessed the situation and examined how the multilateral trading system has reacted to the crisis.