Introduction

WTO members utilize a wide range of measures, such as prohibitions, export licences, regulations and other controls, to assist in risk management and regulating trade in controlled and sensitive goods. Examples include measures for fulfilling specific environmental objectives, the management of hazardous wastes and chemicals, combating illicit drugs and harmful substances, contributing to international peace and weapons controls, and regulating trade in cultural property. Many of these export licences and controls are established pursuant to international agreements and conventions focused on these specific areas and are the result of many years of international cooperation in the respective fields.