Can developing countries use SPS standards to gain access to markets? The case of Mercosur

The role of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) standards in agri-business has changed over the past decade, from being a technical instrument to avoid the use of food safety, animal and plant health measures for protectionist purposes to being a competitive instrument in differentiated product markets (Reardon et al., 2001). The change from mass markets to differentiated and niche markets for consumers with higher purchasing power triggered this shift towards SPS measures as a strategic tool for developing and differentiating markets, gaining market access, coordinating the quality and safety of the food system and defining market niches for those products. On the demand side, high-income consumers with varied and sophisticated tastes have buttressed this change and, on the supply side, so have production, processing and distribution technologies that allow for product differentiation and market extension and segmentation (Reardon et al., 2001).