Notifications, trade policy reviews and monitoring

One of the functions of the WTO is to collect, assess and disseminate information about members’ trade policies. It does so principally through three mechanisms: the notifications that members are required to make about their own laws and policies, the reviews conducted by the Trade Policy Review Body (TPRB) and the monitoring activities that the Secretariat revived when the financial crisis broke in 2008. These activities can be arrayed along a spectrum of Secretariat activism and analysis, such that the notifications are principally the responsibility of the members themselves and are strictly factual and narrowly focused; the trade policy reviews (TPRs) are comprehensive investigations conducted cooperatively by the members and the WTO Secretariat, and involve some degree of judgment of the members’ policies; and the monitoring activities are conducted cooperatively with other international organizations, and are explicitly aimed at identifying any “backsliding” by members.