Trends in international trade

A comprehensive and fruitful analysis of the shaping factors of international trade and their implications for trade policy cannot be performed without having a clear idea of the evolution of trade patterns over time. This part of the Report analyses past, present and future trends in international trade and economic activity. It begins with a historical analysis of trade developments from pre-industrial times to the present, focusing on the key role that technology and institutions have played in the past. It then identifies and explains important trends in international trade that have emerged over the last 30 years. In doing so, the section describes who the main players are in international trade (in terms of countries or companies), what countries trade and with whom, and how the nature of trade has changed over time. Finally, it provides some illustrative simulations of possible future trade scenarios.