Facilitation des échanges et évaluation en douane
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Background
Oct 2022
Chapter
Based on the proposal submitted by the WCO Permanent Technical Committee (PTC) delegates, the Future of Customs topic was launched at the 207th/208th Sessions of the PTC in March 2015. This came as a result of discussions on the role of the PTC, where it was agreed that the Committee would take a more active role in discussing strategic matters and future-oriented topics.
Introduction: “disruptive…” or (just) “emerging” technologies?
Oct 2022
Chapter
When we talk about “disruptive technologies”, what exactly do we mean? According to the Cambridge Dictionary, a disruptive technology is a new technology that completely changes the way things are done. Even though we cannot be certain which technologies will accomplish this in the future, the public has over the past years broadly accepted “disruptive technologies” as a term which refers to blockchain, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, virtual Read More
Conclusion
Oct 2022
Chapter
The findings from the Study Report and the case studies provided in the Annex reflect a high level of Customs interest and activity in the testing and implementation of three groups of technologies in particular. Over half of the Members that responded to the WCO’s 2021 ACS are already using IoT, AI, and ML, while only two respondents are currently deploying blockchain technology. Information on numerous pilot projects and PoCs shared by the Cus Read More
Foreword by the WCO Secretary General
Oct 2022
Chapter
Understanding the need to keep abreast of developments in the field of disruptive technologies and to seek to understand the challenges and opportunities they bring to Customs and border management, we are presenting an updated version of the Study Report on Disruptive Technologies. In the three years since it was first published, it has served as an important source of information. However, considering the numerous pilot projects and progress th Read More
Foreword
Jun 2022
Chapter
I have long been concerned by illicit trade. As Finance Minister in my home country, Nigeria, I witnessed how it harms societies and impedes economic growth and development. Although the full scale of illicit trade is often obscured by its clandestine nature, there is little doubt about its impacts. Spurious products threaten people’s health as well as their livelihoods. Illicit trade undermines legitimate business activity, abets corruption, and acts as a d Read More
Russia - Tariff Treatment of Certain Agricultural and Manufacturing Products
Aug 2016
Rapport sur les différends
On 18 August 1997, the EC requested consultations with the US in respect of a ban on imports of poultry and poultry products from the EC by the US Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety Inspection Service, and any related measures. The EC contended that although the ban is allegedly on grounds of product safety, the ban does not indicate the grounds upon which EC poultry products have suddenly become ineligible for entry into the US mark Read More
Russie - Traitement tarifaire de certains produits agricoles et manufacturés
Aug 2016
Rapport sur les différends
Le 12 août 2016, l’OMC a publié le rapport du Groupe spécial dans l’affaire engagée par l’Union européenne “Russie — Traitement tarifaire de certains produits agricoles et manufacturés” (WT/DS/485).
Rusia - Trato arancelario de determinados productos agrícolas y manufacturados
Aug 2016
Rapport sur les différends
El 12 de agosto de 2016, la OMC emitió el informe del Grupo Especial sobre el caso planteado por la Unión Europea: “Rusia — Trato arancelario determinados productos agrícolas y manufacturados” (WT/DS/485).
TBT and Trade Facilitation Agreements
Jun 2016
Working Paper
The average international trade transaction is subject to numerous procedural and documentation requirements, which add to the costs of doing business as an importer or exporter and also use up scarce government resources. While these requirements can be necessary to fulfil policy objectives, questions are often raised about why and how they are implemented. The Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), adopted by WTO Members in 2014, seeks to expe Read More
Making (Small) Firms Happy
Jun 2016
Working Paper
This paper considers the asymmetric effect of Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) policies on heterogeneous exporters, based on matching a detailed panel of French firm exports to a new database of Trade Facilitation Indicators (TFIs) released recently by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). We analyze the effect of these TFIs on three trade-related outcomes: (i) exported value (firm intensive margin), (ii) number Read More
Implementing the Trade Facilitation Agreement
Sept 2016
Working Paper
After a decade of negotiations and additional preparatory work, the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) is poised to enter into force. It promises to streamline and substantially prune the red tape that all too often slows and impedes international commerce - thereby significantly reducing both cost and time needed to do business across borders. The paper chronicles the path from the conclusion of the talks at the 2013 Bali Ministerial Conference Read More
Export Prohibitions and Restrictions
Apr 2020
Working Paper
Eighty countries and customs territories so far have introduced export prohibitions or restrictions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic according to a new report by the WTO Secretariat. The report, which is based on information from official sources and news outlets, draws attention to the current lack of transparency at the multilateral level and long-term risks that export restrictions pose to global supply chains and public welfare.
A New Look at the Extensive Trade Margin Effects of Trade Facilitation
Oct 2014
Working Paper
We estimate the effects of trade facilitation on the extensive margins of trade. Using OECD Trade Facilitation Indicators – which closely reflect the Trade Facilitation Agreement negotiated at the Bali WTO Ministerial Conference of December 2013 – we show that trade facilitation in a given exporting country is positively correlated with the number of products exported by destination and with the number of export destinations served by product. To addre Read More
Trade Issues Affecting Disaster Response
Mar 2017
Working Paper
The frequency, severity and economic impact of natural disasters are growing. Import surges resulting from disaster-response efforts can highlight underlying structural failings in the border clearance regimes of disaster-affected countries.
Using Supply Chain Analysis to Examine the Costs of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) and the Benefits of Trade Facilitation
Feb 2012
Working Paper
It has become increasingly common to produce goods in a number of geographically dispersed stages linked by international trade. This tendency, known by names such as “production fragmentation”, “processing trade”, and “vertical specialization”, has important implications for the analysis of non-tariff measures (NTMs) and trade facilitation. First, different types of NTMs or trade facilitation issues are naturally associated with different stages in th Read More
Trade Facilitation Provisions in Regional Trade Agreements Traits and Trends
Jan 2014
Working Paper
The paper first surveys the Trade Facilitation landscape at the regional level and analyses the main forces shaping it. It identifies key factors driving regional Facilitation approaches, examining their priorities, features and underlying philosophies. The study also highlights significant trends in regional Trade Facilitation provisions and analyses their implications. The paper then compares regional and multilateral initiatives, looking at areas of convergen Read More
Has the Multilateral Hong Kong Ministerial Decision on Duty Free Quota Free Market Access Provided a Breakthrough in the Least-Developed Countries' Export Performance?
Jul 2016
Working Paper
This paper assesses the impact of the 2005 multilateral Hong Kong Ministerial decision on duty free quota free (DFQF) market access for products originating in Least developed countries (LDCs) on the latter's export performance. The analysis is conducted over a sample of 41 LDCs, with data spanning the period 1998-2013. The empirical analysis examines both the average effect and the short term/medium term effect. Results indicate that on average, thi Read More
Trade Policies for a Circular Economy
Jun 2020
Working Paper
From its initial focus on minimizing waste generation, the circular economy has evolved into a broad-based approach to make resource use more sustainable. A big part of the appeal of a circular economy is the opportunities it creates not only for resource savings and better human health and environmental outcomes, but also for trade and economic diversification.
The Long and Winding Road
Apr 2014
Working Paper
The paper chronicles the negotiating history of the recently concluded Trade Facilitation Accord. Analysing the various stages of the decade-long effort to get the Agreement off the ground, it examines what was at stake in the negotiations, how they evolved and why they finally succeeded - despite many obstacles and detours along the way. The study also suggests ways in which the exercise has broken new ground – for Trade Facilitation rule-making at the g Read More
Reducing Trade Costs in LDCs: The Role of Aid for Trade
Jul 2016
Working Paper
This study analyses the role of Aid for Trade in reducing trade costs in least developed countries (LDCs). The analysis builds on questionnaires and case stories submitted as part of the Aid-for-Trade monitoring and evaluation exercise for the Fifth Global Review of Aid for Trade. Trade costs are high in LDCs and constitute a major impediment to their participation in international trade. The most important sources of trade costs in LDCs are inadequate tran Read More
The Development of Trade Policies in the Asia and Pacific Region Over the Past 30 Years Since 1989
Feb 2020
Working Paper
This paper reviews the main developments of trade and related policies and measures in the Asia and Pacific region during the 30 years since establishment, in 1989, of the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM). The objectives of the TPRM include facilitating the smooth functioning of the multilateral trading system by enhancing the transparency of WTO Members' trade policies.
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