Services
Approches coopératives pour promouvoir la participation des PME au commerce
Les précédentes sections du rapport ont identifié les avantages pour les PME de la participation au commerce international (section C) et les obstacles qu’elles rencontrent (section D). La présente section examine les approches coopératives adoptées au niveau international pour faciliter directement ou indirectement la participation des PME au commerce. Il s’agit notamment des initiatives concernant les PME prises dans le cadre des accords commerciaux régionaux (ACR) des institutions régionales (comme la Banque africaine de développement) des institutions multilatérales (comme la Banque mondiale) et de l’OMC.
Acknowledgements and Disclaimer
The World Trade Report 2019 was prepared under the general responsibility of Xiaozhun Yi WTO Deputy Director-General and Robert Koopman Director of the WTO Economic Research and Statistics Division. The Report was coordinated by Emmanuelle Ganne and Stela Rubínová (Economic Research and Statistics Division) and by Antonia Carzaniga (Trade in Services and Investment Division). The lead authors of the Report are Barbara d’Andrea Andreas Maurer Roberta Piermartini and Robert Teh (Economic Research and Statistics Division) and Antonia Carzaniga. Other authors are Marc Auboin Eddy Bekkers John Hancock Kathryn Lundquist José-Antonio Monteiro Coleman Nee Victor Stolzenburg Ankai Xu and Qing Ye (Economic Research and Statistics Division); Pamela Apaza Markus Jelitto Joscelyn Magdeleine Juan Marchetti Martin Roy and Lee Tuthill (Trade in Services and Investment Division); and Rainer Lanz (Development Division).
Market access for the government procurement of services: Comparing recent PTAs with WTO achievements
The treatment of services in preferential trade agreements provides an important point of comparison with their treatment in the multilateral trading system. Recently several studies have examined aspects of the treatment of services in PTAs. These analyses have provided insights into a number of important questions: (a) To what extent are countries willing to make broader and deeper commitments regarding services liberalization in PTAs as compared to the GATS? (b) Why is this so? (c) What costs does the proliferation of such commitments entail? (d) Can such commitments serve as building blocks for multilateral liberalization or are they more likely to undermine it? An important related question concerns possibilities for the eventual multilateralization of commitments on services liberalization in PTAs (Baldwin Evenett and Low 2007).
Beyond the main screen: Audiovisual services in PTAs
Audiovisual services have long been a sensitive issue in the WTO where key members have traditionally held very divergent views. It is not surprising therefore that this sector has failed to attract either a significant number of commitments under the GATS or offers in the Doha Round. Indeed only twenty-nine members have commitments while only eight had made offers by the end of 2007. In comparison preferential trade agreements have provided for significant advances: audiovisual is one of the sectors in which the contrast between multilateral and preferential commitments is the greatest especially in bilateral agreements where the United States is involved.