Economic research and trade policy analysis
Instituciones y asuntos de política
Jun 2005
Chapter
En esta sección se explica cómo funcionan en la práctica la normalización y la evaluación de la conformidad y se describen las características pertinentes de las infraestructuras de normalización y de evaluación de la conformidad en distintas regiones del mundo. Primero se hace un análisis del proceso de normalización y se estudia dónde se lleva a cabo la normalización, cómo está organizada y quiénes participan en el proceso. La subsección 2 trat Read More
Trade digitalization and financing: New hope for MSMES?
Sept 2021
Chapter
The International Finance Corporation (IFC), the SME Finance Forum and the World Bank Group estimate the entire MSME finance gap to be close to US$ 5 trillion, hindering the ability of MSMEs to grow. This gap, however, is not due to a lack of available funds. A 2019 report by the International Trade Centre (ITC) indicated that “in 2018 global funds held US$ 1 trillion of cash-in-hand equity capital that was seeking investment opportunities”. Of particular con Read More
Standards in the multilateral trading system
Source:
World Trade Report 2005
Jun 2005
Chapter
This Section focuses on standards-related WTO legal texts and relevant jurisprudence. The Section begins with a discussion of the texts themselves. This is followed by a detailed discussion of some of the key concepts relevant to standards in the TBT and the SPS Agreements as well as GATT 1994. The Agreements are then placed in the context of the economic discussion presented in the previous Sections and reference is also made to accumul Read More
Remerciements
Apr 2019
Chapter
Mes sincères remerciements vont à ma collègue Kenza Le Mentec pour ses précieux conseils. Mme Le Mentec m’a initiée au sujet et elle a apporté de précieuses contributions, en particulier pour les sections techniques décrivant la technologie et pour la section sur la facilitation des échanges. Cette publication n’aurait pas été possible sans son soutien.
Avant-propos du Directeur Général
Jun 2008
Chapter
Le Rapport sur le commerce mondial de cette année examine le rôle du commerce dans un monde caractérisé, depuis plusieurs décennies, par l’interdépendance croissante des pays. Cette interdépendance, appelée aujourd’hui mondialisation, est un phénomène complexe aux multiples facettes, qui implique une forte interaction politique, sociale et économique aux niveaux national et international. Rares sont ceux qui contesteraient les avanta Read More
Conclusion
Nov 2018
Chapter
Research published by the European Parliament in 2017 claimed that Blockchain could “change our lives” (Boucher, 2017). What the various blockchain applications that are being developed in areas as diverse as trade finance, trade facilitation, trade in services, intellectual property and government procurement show is that Blockchain has the potential to impact both the traders and the government agencies involved in international trade sig Read More
The WTO and the global economy: Contemporary challenges and possible responses
Jan 2015
Chapter
The high economic growth rates that have been achieved by many countries in Asia have led to a contemporary world economy that is multipolar. This has had repercussions for the WTO, as well as for other multilateral organisations. The deadlock in the WTO’s Doha Round has led the United States and the European Union increasingly to turn their attention towards the negotiation of preferential trade agreements, including so-called ‘mega-regional’ Read More
Supply chain connectivity and trade in Asia
Jan 2013
Chapter
The term logistics is an ancient one. Historically, the military has been lauded as the key underpinning example for good logistics practices, given their emphasis on good movement practices and operational excellence. Good logistics practice can be taken to denote the set of activities undertaken to ensure the smooth passage of goods and services from one location to another, relying on supply liaison officers to provide the necessary connection bet Read More
Foreward
Jan 2013
Chapter
Global value chains (GVCs) have been a feature of the international economic architecture for many years, but scholarly interest in the phenomenon is more recent. Today that interest is intense, emanating from an array of academic disciplines as well as from the policy world. This volume, jointly produced by the Fung Global Institute and the World Trade Organization, is an attempt to capture the core features and themes of the exploding literature on GVCs Read More
Trade policy and natural resources
Source:
World Trade Report 2010
Jun 2010
Chapter
This section looks at the ways government policy responds to the unique features of natural resources. It examines how the unequal distribution of natural resources give importing and exporting countries incentives to use restrictive trade and domestic measures to “capture” monopoly rents. It analyzes how governments can use trade restrictions and domestic measures to strengthen property rights or reduce the exploitation of the natural resource. Read More
Domestic regulation: What are the costs and benefits for international trade in services?
Jan 2009
Chapter
Services have been considered non-tradable and therefore outside the scope of trade policy-making until quite recently. A logical consequence is that explicit policy barriers to cross-border trade in services are rare. What segments markets for tradable services is therefore largely in the realm of domestic regulation. Both the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and a number of regional trade agreements (RTAs) aim at developing discipli Read More
Introduction
Source:
Blockchain and DLT in Trade
Nov 2020
Chapter
No doubt, the world looks a little different today than it did at the end of 2019 when we first published the Periodic Table of DLT in Trade. A natural year’s worth of progression has been both accelerated and in some areas stunted by the forces of the COVID-19 pandemic, the widespread and long-lasting implications of which still remain unknown.
Introducción
Jun 2006
Chapter
Las subvenciones son uno de los numerosos instrumentos de política general sujetos a normas en el sistema multilateral de comercio, pero plantean cuestiones más complejas para quienes adoptan las políticas que otros muchos instrumentos sometidos a las normas de la OMC o del GATT. Uno de los motivos de ello es que las subvenciones se pueden definir de diferentes maneras. Otro es que se utilizan para conseguir objetivos muy variados. I Read More
A podium perspective: Experiences and challenges of chairing a working party
Jan 2015
Chapter
What is the perspective from the podium? what are the challenges that face the chairperson of an accession working party? The role of a chairperson of an accession working party is tough and challenging, and the functions of a chairperson can only be successfully exercised if he or she has the trust and confidence of parties involved. This role is best understood as that of a referee, assisted by the Secretariat. The accession of the Russian Federati Read More
The WTO- Plus Obligations: Dual Class or a Strengthened System?
Jan 2017
Chapter
Obligations in accession protocols that go beyond the multilateral trade agreements are commonly referred to as ‘WTO-plus’ obligations. This chapter reviews the so-called WTO-plus obligations and argues that even though they are perceived to expand the existing obligations under multilateral trade agreements, they in fact do not create two classes of membership within the World Trade Organization (WTO). First, all accession processes are c Read More
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