Anti-dumping, subsidies, safeguards
Corea - Derechos antidumping sobre las importaciones de determinado papel procedentes de Indonesia - Recurso 1
El 28 de septiembre de 2007 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Corea - Derechos antidumping sobre las importaciones determinado papel procedentes de Indonesia - Recurso”.
États-Unis - Certaines méthodes et leur application aux procédures antidumping visant la Chine
Le 11 mai 2017 l’Organe d’appel de l’OMC a publié son rapport dans l’affaire “États-Unis — Certaines méthodes et leur application aux procédures antidumping visant la Chine” (DS471).
Canada - Crédits à l’exportation et garanties de prêts accordés pour les aéronefs régionaux
L’OMC a publié le 17 février 2003 le rapport d’arbitrage concernant l’affaire “Canada - Crédits à l’exportation et garanties de prêts accordés pour les aéronefs régionaux”.
European Union - Anti-Dumping Measures on Biodiesel from Argentina
The European Union and Argentina each appeals certain issues of law and legal interpretations developed in the Panel Report European Union – Anti-Dumping Measures on Biodiesel from Argentina (Panel Report). The Panel was established on 25 April 2014 to consider a complaint by Argentina with respect to two measures of the European Union: (i) the anti-dumping measure imposed by the European Union on imports of biodiesel originating in Argentina; and (ii) the second subparagraph of Article 2(5) of Council Regulation (EC) No. 1225/2009 of 30 November 2009 on protection against dumped imports from countries not members of the European Community (Basic Regulation).
États-Unis - Mesures antidumping visant certains produits tubulaires pour champs pétrolifères en provenance de Corée
Le 14 novembre 2017 l’OMC a distribué le rapport du Groupe spécial sur l’affaire “États-Unis — Mesures antidumping visant certains produits tubulaires pour champs pétrolifères en provenance de Corée” (DS488) introduite par la Corée.
États-Unis - Réexamens à l’extinction des mesures antidumping visant les produits tubulaires destinés à des pays pétroliers en provenance d’Argentine
Le 29 novembre 2004 l’Organe d’appel a publié son rapport sur l’affaire “États-Unis - Réexamens à l’extinction des mesures antidumping visant les produits tubulaires destinés à des pays pétroliers en provenance d’Argentine”.
United States - Anti-Dumping Measures on Certain Hot-Rolled Steel Products from Japan
On 18 November 1999 Japan requested consultations with the United States in respect of the preliminary and final determinations of the US Department of Commerce and the US International Trade Commission on the anti-dumping investigation of Certain Hot Rolled Steel Products from Japan issued on 25 and 30 November 1998 12 February 1999 28 April 1999 and 23 June 1999. Japan considered that these determinations are erroneous and based on deficient procedures under the US Tariff Act of 1930 and related regulations. The Japanese complaint also concerned certain provisions of the Tariff Act of 1930 and related regulations. Japan claimed violations of Articles VI and X of the GATT 1994 and Articles 2 3 6 (including Annex II) 9 and 10 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement.
Estados Unidos - Derechos antidumping y compensatorios definitivos sobre determinados productos procedentes de China
El 11 de marzo de 2011 el Órgano de Apelación hizo público el informe sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Derechos antidumping y compensatorios definitivos sobre determinados productos procedentes de China”.
Tailandia - Derechos antidumping sobre los perfiles de hierro y acero sin alear y vigas doble T procedentes de Polonia
El 12 de marzo de 2001 el Órgano de Apelación hizo público el informe sobre el caso “Tailandia - Derechos antidumping sobre los perfiles de hierro y acero sin alear y vigas doble T procedentes de Polonia”.
Mexique - Enquête antidumping concernant le sirop de maïs à haute teneur en fructose en provenance des États-Unis
Le 28 janvier 2000 l’OMC a publié le rapport du Groupe spécial dans l’affaire “Mexique - Enquête antidumping concernant le sirop de maïs à haute teneur en fructose en provenance des États-Unis”.
Estados Unidos - Medidas relativas a la reducción a cero y los exámenes por extinción
El 09 de enero de 2007 el Órgano de Apelación hizo público el informe sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Medidas relativas a la reducción a cero y los exámenes por extinción”.
Estados Unidos - Medidas en materia de derechos compensatorios sobre determinados productos procedentes de China - Recurso 1
El 21 de marzo de 2018 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Medidas en materia derechos compensatorios sobre determinados productos procedentes de China”.
Mexique - Mesures antidumping définitives visant la viande de bœuf et le riz
Le 29 novembre 2005 l’Organe d’appel a publié son rapport sur l’affaire “Mexique - Mesures antidumping définitives visant la viande de bœuf et le riz”.
Unión Europea - Medidas antidumping sobre las importaciones de determinados alcoholes grasos procedentes de Indonesia
El 16 de diciembre de 2016 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Unión Europea - Medidas antidumping sobre las importaciones determinados alcoholes grasos procedentes de Indonesia”.
United States - Anti-Dumping Measures on Certain Shrimp and Diamond Sawblades from China
On 28 February 2011 China requested consultations with the United States regarding the latter's anti-dumping measures on certain frozen warmwater shrimp from China. China alleged that the US Department of Commerce's (“USDOC”) use of zeroing in the original investigation and several administrative reviews to calculate dumping margins for the subject imports is inconsistent with the United States' obligations under Article VI:1 and VI:2 of the GATT 1994 and Articles 1 2.1 2.4 2.4.2 5.8 9.2 9.3 and 9.4 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement. China further asserted that the USDOC's reliance in the sunset review on the dumping margins calculated in the original investigation and administrative reviews is inconsistent with the United States' obligations under Article 11.3 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement.
États-Unis - Droit antidumping sur les semi-conducteurs pour mémoires RAM dynamiques (DRAM) de un mégabit ou plus, originaires de Corée - Recours 1
Le 07 novembre 2000 l’OMC a publié le rapport du Groupe spécial dans l’affaire “États-Unis - Droit antidumping sur les semi-conducteurs pour mémoires RAM dynamiques (DRAM) de un mégabit ou plus originaires de Corée - Recours”.
États-Unis - Mesures antidumping finales visant l’acier inoxydable en provenance du Mexique
L’Organe d’appel a publié le 30 avril 2008 son rapport concernant l’affaire “États-Unis — Mesures antidumping finales visant l’acier inoxydable en provenance du Mexique” (DS344).
United States - Measures Treating Exports Restraints as Subsidies
On 19 May 2000 Canada requested consultations with the US regarding certain US measures that treat a restraint on exports of a product as a subsidy to other products made using or incorporating the restricted product if the domestic price of the restricted product is affected by the restraint. The measures at issue included provisions of the Statement of Administrative Action (SAA) accompanying the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA) (H.R. 5110 H.R. Doc. 316 Vol. 1 103d Cong. 2d Sess. 656 in particular at 925-926 (1994)) and the Explanation of the Final Rules US Department of Commerce Countervailing Duties Final Rule (63 Federal Register 65348 at 65349-51 (Nov. 25 1998)) interpreting section 771(5) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 USC. § 1677(5)) as amended by the URAA. Canada’s claims were as follows: Canada considered that these measures were inconsistent with US obligations under Articles 1.1 10 (as well as Articles 11 17 and 19 as they relate to the requirements of Article 10) and 32.1 of the SCM Agreement because these measures provide that the US will impose countervailing duties against practices that are not subsidies within the meaning of Article 1.1 of the SCM Agreement. Canada also considered that the US has failed to ensure that its laws regulations and administrative procedures are in conformity with its WTO obligations as required by Article 32.5 of the SCM Agreement and Article XVI:4 of the WTO Agreement.
Communautés européennes - Droits antidumping sur les accessoires de tuyauterie en fonte malléable en provenance du Brésil
Le 07 mars 2003 l’OMC a publié le rapport du Groupe spécial dans l’affaire “Communautés européennes - Droits antidumping sur les accessoires de tuyauterie en fonte malléable en provenance du Brésil”.
Japón - Derechos compensatorios sobre memorias dinámicas de acceso aleatorio procedentes de Corea
El 13 de julio de 2007 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Japón - Derechos compensatorios sobre memorias dinámicas de acceso aleatorio procedentes de Corea”.
Estados Unidos - Imposición de derechos antidumping a semiconductores para memorias dinámicas de acceso aleatorio (DRAM) de un megabit como mínimo procedentes de Corea
El 29 de enero de 1999 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Imposición derechos antidumping a semiconductores para memorias dinámicas de acceso aleatorio (DRAM) de un megabit como mínimo procedentes de Corea”.
Estados Unidos - Ley Antidumping de 1916
El 28 de agosto de 2000 el Órgano de Apelación hizo público el informe sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Ley Antidumping de 1916”.
Brasil - Programa de financiación de las exportaciones para aeronaves - Recurso 1
El 21 de julio de 2000 el Órgano de Apelación hizo público el informe sobre el caso “Brasil - Programa de financiación de las exportaciones para aeronaves - Recurso”.
United States - Continued Existence and Application of Zeroing Methodology
On 2 October 2006 the European Communities requested consultations with the United States concerning its continued application of the “zeroing” methodology. In particular the request for consultations concerns (i) the implementing regulation (19 CFR Section 351) of the US Department of Commerce especially section 351.414(c)(2); and (ii) the Import Administration Antidumping Manual (1997 edition) including the computer program(s) to which it refers. The European Communities claims that based on these regulations the US Department of Commerce continued to apply the “zeroing” methodology in the determinations of the margin of dumping in the final results of the anti-dumping administrative reviews concerning various EC goods and any assessment instructions issued pursuant to those final results.
United States - Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000
On 21 December 2000 and 21 May 2001 respectively the complainants requested consultations with the US concerning the amendment to the Tariff Act of 1930 signed on 28 October 2000 with the title of “Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000” (the “Act”) usually referred to as “the Byrd Amendment”. According to the complainants the Act is inconsistent with the obligations of the United States under several provisions of the GATT the AD Agreement the SCM Agreement and the WTO Agreement. In particular the Act is alleged to be inconsistent with the obligations of the United States under: (i) Article 18.1 of the ADA in conjunction with Article VI:2 of the GATT and Article 1 of the ADA; (ii) Article 32.1 of the SCM Agreement in conjunction with Article VI:3 of the GATT and Articles 4.10 7.9 and 10 of the SCM Agreement; (iii) Article X(3)(a) of the GATT; (iv) Article 5.4 of the ADA and Article 11.4 of the SCM Agreement; (v) Article 8 of the ADA and Article 18 of the SCM Agreement; (vi) Article 5 of the SCM Agreement; and (vii) Article XVI:4 of the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the WTO Article 18.4 of the ADA and Article 32.5 of the SCM Agreement.
Estados Unidos - Medida de salvaguardia definitiva contra las importaciones de tubos al carbono soldados de sección circular procedentes de Corea
El 15 de febrero de 2002 el Órgano de Apelación hizo público el informe sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Medida de salvaguardia definitiva contra las importaciones de tubos al carbono soldados de sección circular procedentes de Corea”.
Estados Unidos - Medidas antidumping sobre determinados productos de acero laminado en caliente originarios del Japón
El 24 de julio de 2001 el Órgano de Apelación hizo público el informe sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Medidas antidumping sobre determinados productos de acero laminado en caliente originarios del Japón”.
European Union - Anti-Dumping Measures on Biodiesel from Indonesia
On 25 January 2018 the WTO circulated the panel report in the case brought by Indonesia in “European Union - Anti-Dumping Measures on Biodiesel from Indonesia”
Guatemala - Medida antidumping definitiva aplicada al cemento Portland gris procedente de México
El 24 de octubre de 2000 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Guatemala - Medida antidumping definitiva aplicada al cemento Portland gris procedente de México”.
États-Unis - Maintien en existence et application de la méthode de réduction à zéro
L’Organe d’appel a publié le 4 février 2009 son rapport concernant la plainte des Communautés européennes dans l’affaire “Etats-Unis — Maintien en existence et en application de la méthode de réduction à zéro” (DS350).
Estados Unidos - Medidas antidumping definitivas sobre el acero inoxidable procedente de México
El 20 de diciembre de 2007 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Medidas antidumping definitivas sobre el acero inoxidable procedente de México”.
United States - Investigation of the International Trade Commission in Softwood Lumber from Canada - Recourse 1
On 20 December 2002 Canada requested consultations with the United States regarding the investigation of the USITC in Softwood Lumber from Canada (Invs. Nos. 701-TA-414 and 731-TA-928 (Final)) and the final definitive anti-dumping and countervailing duties applied as a result of the USITC’s final determination made on 2 May 2002 notice of which was published in the United States Federal Register on 22 May 2002 (Volume 67 Number 99 at pp. 36022-36023) that an industry in the United States is threatened with material injury by reason of imports of softwood lumber from Canada that the Department of Commerce has determined are subsidized and sold in the United States at less than fair value. Canada claimed that through these measures the United States has violated its obligations under Article VI:6(a) of the GATT 1994 Articles 1 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 12 and 18.1 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement and Articles 10 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.7 15.8 22 and 32.1 of the SCM Agreement.
Estados Unidos - Determinación definitiva en materia de derechos compensatorios con respecto a determinada madera blanda procedente del Canadá
El 29 de agosto de 2003 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Determinación definitiva en materia derechos compensatorios con respecto a determinada madera blanda procedente del Canadá”.
United States - Anti-Dumping Measures on Oil Country Tubular Goods (OCTG) from Mexico
On 18 February 2003 Mexico requested consultations with the US as regards several anti-dumping measures imposed by the US on imports of OCTG from Mexico including the final determinations in some administrative and sunset reviews; and the US authorities’ determination regarding the continuation of the anti-dumping orders. In addition to these measures Mexico’s request includes a number of laws regulations and administrative practices (such as “zeroing”) used by the US authorities in the above determinations. Mexico considers that the above anti-dumping measures are incompatible with Articles 1 2 3 6 11 and 18 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement Articles VI and X of the GATT 1994 and Article XVI:4 of the WTO Agreement.
États-Unis - Mesures affectant le commerce des aéronefs civils gros porteurs - Deuxième plainte
L’OMC a publié le 31 mars 2011 le rapport du Groupe spécial qui avait examiné la plainte déposée par l’Union européenne dans l’affaire “Etats-Unis — Mesures affectant le commerce des aéronefs civils gros porteurs (deuxième plainte)” (DS353)
Estados Unidos - Investigación de la Comisión de Comercio Internacional respecto de la madera blanda procedente del Canadá
El 22 de marzo de 2004 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Investigación de la Comisión de Comercio Internacional respecto de la madera blanda procedente del Canadá”.
United States - Definitive Safeguard Measures on Imports of Certain Steel Products
The European Communities Japan Korea Switzerland Canada Venezuela Norway China Mexico New Zealan and Brazil requested consultations with the United States regarding the definitive safeguard measures imposed by the US in the form of an increase in duties on imports of certain flat steel hot-rolled bar cold-finished bar rebar certain welded tubular products carbon and alloy fittings stainless steel bar stainless steel rod tin mill products and stainless steel wire and in the form of a tariff rate quota on imports of slabs effective as of 20 March 2002.
États-Unis - Mesures compensatoires visant certains produits plats en acier au carbone laminés à chaud en provenance d’Inde
Le 8 décembre 2014 l’Organe d’appel de l’OMC a remis son rapport sur l’affaire “États-Unis — Mesures compensatoires visant certains produits plats en acier au carbone laminés à chaud en provenance d’Inde” (DS436).
United States - Definitive Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties on Certain Products from China
On 19 September 2008 China requested consultations concerning the definitive anti-dumping and countervailing duties imposed by the United States pursuant to the final anti-dumping and countervailing duty determinations and orders issued by the US Department of Commerce in several investigations. China considers that these measures which include the conduct of the underlying anti-dumping and countervailing duty investigations are inconsistent with the obligations of the United States under inter alia Articles I and VI of the GATT 1994 Articles 1 2 10 12 13 14 19 and 32 of the SCM Agreement Articles 1 2 6 9 and 18 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement and Article 15 of the Protocol on the Accession of the People's Republic of China (the Protocol of Accession).
Japan - Countervailing Duties on Dynamic Random Access Memories from Korea
On 14 March 2006 Korea requested consultations with Japan concerning countervailing duties imposed by Japan on certain Dynamic Random Access Memories (DRAMs) from Korea. According to Korea notice of the imposition of such duties was provided by Japan in Cabinet Order No. 13 and Finance Notice 35 published respectively in Issue No. 4264 and Special Issue No. 17 of the Official Gazette dated 27 January 2006. The request for consultations also concerns certain aspects of the investigation and the determination that led to the imposition of such duties.
Comunidades Europeas - Derechos antidumping sobre las importaciones de ropa de cama de algodón originarias de la India
El 01 de marzo de 2001 el Órgano de Apelación hizo público el informe sobre el caso “Communidades Europeas - Derechos antidumping sobre las importaciones de ropa de cama de algodón originarias de la India”.
Indonésie - Certaines mesures affectant l’industrie automobile
Le 02 juillet 1998 l’OMC a publié le rapport du Groupe spécial dans l’affaire “Indonésie - Certaines mesures affectant l’industrie automobile”.
Mexico - Definitive Anti-Dumping Measures on Beef and Rice (Complaint with Respect to Rice)
On 16 June 2003 the United States requested consultations with Mexico concerning its definitive anti-dumping measures on beef and long grain white rice as well as certain provisions of Mexico’s Foreign Trade Act and its Federal Code of Civil Procedure.
China - Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duty Measures on Broiler Products from the United States - Recourse 1
On 20 September 2011 the United States requested consultations with China concerning China's measures imposing anti-dumping and countervailing duties on broiler products from the United States.
Brazil - Export Financing Programme for Aircraft
On 28 August 2000 the WTO issued the dispute panel reports in the case "Brazil - Export financing programme for aircraft".
Estados Unidos - Establecimiento de derechos compensatorios sobre determinados productos de acero al carbono aleado con plomo y bismuto y laminado en caliente originarios del Reino Unido
El 23 de diciembre de 1999 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Estados Unidos - Establecimiento derechos compensatorios sobre determinados productos de acero al carbono aleado con plomo y bismuto y laminado en caliente originarios del Reino Unido”.
Unión Europea - Medidas antidumping sobre el biodiésel procedente de la Argentina
El 29 de marzo de 2016 la OMC hizo público el informe del Grupo especial sobre el caso “Unión Europea - Medidas antidumping sobre el biodiésel procedente de la Argentina”.
Unión europea - Medidas compensatorias sobre determinado tereftalato de polietileno procedente del Pakistán
El grupo especial de solución de diferencias de la OMC publicó el 6 de julio de 2017 un informe sobre el asunto “Unión Europea — Medidas compensatorias sobre determinado tereftalato de polietileno procedente del Pakistán” (DS486)
Trade Skirmishes and Safeguards
I propose a framework within which to interpret and evaluate the major reforms introduced to the GATT system in its transition to the WTO. In particular I examine the WTO Agreement on Safeguards that has replaced the GATT escape clause (Article XIX) and the Dispute Settlement Process (DSP) that resembles a court of law under the WTO. Using this framework I interpret the weakening of the reciprocity principle under the Agreement on Safeguards as an attempt to reduce efficiency-reducing trade skirmishes. The DSP is interpreted as an impartial arbitrator that announces its opinion about the state of the world when a dispute arises among member countries. I demonstrate that the reforms in the GATT escape clause should be bundled with the introduction of the DSP in order to maintain the incentive-compatibility of trade agreements. The model implies that trade agreements under the WTO lead to fewer trade skirmishes but this effect does not necessarily result in higher payoffs to the governments. The model also implies that the introduction of the WTO court which has no enforcement power can in fact improve the self-enforceability of trade agreements.
How WTO Commitments Tame Uncertainty
Guided by a cost benefit analysis model and using a unique database of tariff bindings for all WTO countries over the 1996-2011 period we show that WTO commitments affect members’ trade policy. More stringent bindings reduce the likelihood of responding to import shocks by raising tariffs and increase the likelihood of contingent measures. We argue that this reduces overall trade policy uncertainty. In a counterfactual scenario where WTO members can arbitrarily increase tariffs they are 4.5 times more likely to do so than under current bindings.