China

“Trade Policy Reviews” analyse the trade policies and practices of each member of the WTO. The reviews consist of three parts: an independent report by the WTO Secretariat a report by the government and the concluding remarks by the Chair of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Body. The opening section - “key trade facts” - provides a visual overview of the WTO member’s major exports/imports main export destinations origins for its imports and other key data. This edition looks into the trade practices of China.

“Trade Policy Reviews” analyse the trade policies and practices of each member of the WTO. The reviews consist of three parts: an independent report by the WTO Secretariat a report by the government and the concluding remarks by the Chair of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Body. The opening section - “key trade facts” - provides a visual overview of the WTO member's major exports/imports main export destinations origins for its imports and other key data. This edition looks into the trade practices of China.

“Trade Policy Reviews” analyse the trade policies and practices of each member of the WTO. The reviews consist of three parts: an independent report by the WTO Secretariat a report by the government and the concluding remarks by the Chair of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Body. The opening section - “key trade facts” - provides a visual overview of the WTO member’s major exports/imports main export destinations origins for its imports and other key data. This edition looks into the trade practices of China.

This fourth Trade Policy Review (TPR) of China has provided Members an opportunity to conduct a collective appreciation and evaluation of the full range of China’s trade policies and practices and their impact on the functioning of the multilateral trading system. I wish to thank the Chinese delegation headed by H.E. Mr. Yu Jianhua Assistant Minister in the Ministry of Commerce for their active participation and H.E. Ambassador Steffen Smidt of Denmark for his valuable contribution as the discussant. The keen interest shown by Members in this Review as reflected in the large number of statements made and of advance written questions posed testifies to the important role played by China in international trade and in the WTO. The TPRB appreciates China’s responses to the questions it received and looks forward to receiving any outstanding answers within a month.

El valor en dólares de las transacciones de comercio electrónico en China ha aumentado enormemente durante los 20 últimos años con el apoyo de una mejora de la infraestructura el rápido crecimiento de la telefonía móvil y una mayor financiación. El mercado también se caracteriza por una mayor diversidad ejemplo de la cual son el crecimiento de los servicios médicos electrónicos la expansión del comercio electrónico transfronterizo y el aumento de las transacciones en línea/fuera de línea. El Gobierno nacional de China ha desempeñado un papel importante en el desarrollo del comercio electrónico mediante las políticas elaboradas en los planes quinquenales mientras que los Gobiernos regionales también han participado en la planificación y el ajuste del marco de políticas de comercio electrónico teniendo en cuenta las condiciones locales. *

In China the term “small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)” refers to “different forms of enterprises under different ownerships that are established within the territory of the People’s Republic of China that meet the social needs and create more job opportunities and comply with the industrial policies of the State”. This definition is rather more complex than that in other countries where the definition of SMEs tends to be based purely on their size. It is nevertheless the case that in China also SMEs tend to be enterprises which have fewer employers lower sales volume and lower gross assets. Most Chinese enterprises are SMEs. Indeed they account for more than 98 per cent of industry and contribute to 60 per cent of China’s GDP 75 per cent of its industrial value-added output and 50 per cent of its revenue (as of June 2012). Chinese SMEs also provide for 75 per cent of China’s urban employment opportunities and absorb more than 50 per cent of the workers laid off from the state-owned enterprises. They employ more than 70 per cent of the new entrants to the labour market (Jianjun 2006). Hence Chinese SMEs play an important role in China’s economic development due to their contribution to GDP and the employment they create as well as their vigorous creative ability.