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Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation, 2nd Edition
Medical technologies – medicines vaccines and medical devices – are essential for public health. Access to essential medicines and the lack of research to address neglected diseases have been a major concern for many years. To promote innovation and to ensure equitable access to all vital medical technologies policy-makers need a clear understanding of the innovation processes that lead to new technologies and of the ways in which these technologies are disseminated in health systems. This study seeks to reinforce the understanding of the interplay between the distinct policy domains of health trade and intellectual property and of how they affect medical innovation and access to medical technologies. This collaborative effort by the World Health Organization the World Intellectual Property Organization and the World Trade Organization draws together the three Secretariats’ respective areas of expertise. The study is intended to inform ongoing technical cooperation activities undertaken by the three organizations and to support policy discussions. It has been prepared to serve the needs of policy-makers as well as lawmakers government officials delegates to international organizations non-governmental organizations and researchers. The second edition comprehensively reviews the existing material and captures new developments in key areas since the initial launch of the study in 2013. Among the new topics covered by the study are antimicrobial resistance and cuttingedge health technologies. The second edition provides updated data on health innovation trends in the pharmaceutical sector and trade and tariffs. It includes an updated overview of access to medical technologies globally and key provisions in free trade agreements and takes account of developments in IP legislation and jurisprudence.
Trade Profiles 2006
This booklet is a quick source for national and trade statistics of WTO Members and countries which are in the process of negotiating WTO membership. These Trade Profiles combine information on trade flows and trade policy measures of Members Observers and other selected economies. The information is retrieved from various WTO Divisions and external sources and presented in standardized format for quick reference. The indicators are divided into five categories: Basic economic indicators – population GDP current account balance etc. Trade policy indicators – specific WTO relevant information including tariff binding information import duties collected in total tax revenue the number of dispute rulings(complainant defendant) notifications outstanding and contingency measures in force. Merchandise trade indicators (customs-based statistics) – information on total trade flows broken down by broad product categories and major origins and destinations. Commercial services indicators (balance of payments based statistics) – trends in total trade flows and a breakdown by major components. Industrial property indicators – annual number of patents granted and marks registered in the name of residents and non-residents in the economy.
Status of WTO Legal Instruments
Status of WTO Legal Instruments covers the legal instruments drawn up by WTO members in relation to the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization and the plurilateral trade agreements annexed to that Agreement. For each legal instrument information is provided regarding signature acceptance ratification accession and entry into force. The relevant final clauses of each instrument are also included. The cut-off point for information in this publication is end-April 2015.
WTO Appellate Body Repertory of Reports and Awards, 1995–2013, 5th edition
Trade multilateralism in the twenty-first-century century faces a serious test as weakness in the global economy and fast-paced technological changes create a challenging environment for world trade. This book examines how an updated and robust rules-based multilateral framework anchored in the WTO remains indispensable to maximizing the benefits of global economic integration and to reviving world trade. By examining recent accessions to the WTO it reveals how the growing membership of the WTO has helped to support domestic reforms and to strengthen the rules-based framework of the WTO. It argues that the new realities of the twenty-first century require an upgrade to the architecture of the multilateral trading system. By erecting its 'upper floors' on the foundation of existing trade rules the WTO can continue to adapt to a fast-changing environment and to maximize the benefits brought about by its ever-expanding membership.
Trade Profiles 2018
Trade Profiles 2018 provides a series of key indicators on trade in goods and services for 197 economies. For merchandise trade major exports and imports are listed for both agricultural and non-agricultural products as well as major origins and destinations for total merchandise trade. For trade in services a detailed breakdown is provided for transport travel and other commercial services. Statistics on intellectual property are also provided. The information is available for all WTO members and observers and for other selected economies. For each economy the data is presented in a handy two-page format providing a concise overview of global trade. The publication is an invaluable reference tool for anyone looking for essential trade statistics.
Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2019
Los servicios se han convertido en el componente más dinámico del comercio mundial y desempeñan un papel cada vez más importante en la economía mundial y en la vida cotidiana. Sin embargo no siempre se valora plenamente su grado de contribución al comercio mundial. El Informe sobre el comercio mundial 2019 trata de colmar esta laguna utilizando un nuevo conjunto de datos elaborado por la OMC que tiene en cuenta las distintas formas de suministrar servicios a través de las fronteras. En el Informe se examina la evolución del comercio de servicios en los últimos años y el porqué de su importancia. Asimismo se analizan las principales tendencias que afectan al comercio de servicios en particular los cambios demográficos las tecnologías digitales el aumento de la renta y el cambio climático. También se ofrecen estimaciones sobre la posible evolución del comercio de servicios en los próximos 20 años y las perspectivas de una mayor cooperación internacional en las políticas relativas al comercio de servicios. El Informe muestra que los costos del comercio son más elevados para los servicios que para las mercancías si bien están disminuyendo como consecuencia de las tecnologías digitales. Se espera que esa reducción de los costos del comercio aumente la participación de los servicios en el comercio mundial y contribuya a un crecimiento y un desarrollo más inclusivos. Para que las economías puedan beneficiarse del mayor protagonismo que está adquiriendo el comercio de servicios será necesario intensificar la cooperación internacional.
Trade Policy Review: Mongolia 2014
“Trade Policy Reviews” analyse the trade policies and practices of each member of the WTO. The reviews consist of three parts: an independent report by the WTO Secretariat a report by the government and the concluding remarks by the Chair of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Body. The opening section - “key trade facts” - provides a visual overview of the WTO member's major exports/imports main export destinations origins for its imports and other key data. This edition looks into the trade practices of Mongolia.
Solución de diferencias en la OMC: Resúmenes de una página por caso 1995–2018
Esta publicación contiene resúmenes útiles de una página de las principales constataciones contenidas en cada uno de los informes de los Grupos Especiales publicados hasta finales de 2018 así como en los informes correspondientes del Órgano de Apelación publicados en ese período. Cada resumen de una página se compone de los hechos fundamentales las constataciones principales que figuran en los informes y otras cuestiones especialmente importantes. La publicación incluye dos índices en los que se enumeran las diferencias en función de los Acuerdos de la OMC abordados y del Miembro de la OMC demandado.
Annual Report 2000
The Annual report of the WTO focuses on the regular activities of the organization the details of its current structure staff and budget. The Annual report is published in the first half of each year.
Report on G20 Trade Measures (2021)
Trade policy restraint by G20 economies as well as WTO members more broadly prevented a destructive acceleration of protectionist trade measures that would have further hurt the world economy according to the WTO’s latest Trade Monitoring Report. But WTO Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala cautioned that obstacles to trade remain in place and continue to undermine global efforts to increase and diversify the production of vaccines.
Trade Policy Review: Brazil 2009
“Trade Policy Reviews” analyse the trade policies and practices of each member of the WTO. The reviews consist of three parts: an independent report by the WTO Secretariat a report by the government and the concluding remarks by the Chair of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Body. The opening section - “key trade facts” - provides a visual overview of the WTO member’s major exports/imports main export destinations origins for its imports and other key data. This edition looks into the trade practices of Brazil.
Making Globalization Socially Sustainable
Globalization is widely seen as a powerful engine that has the potential to promote growth and development but concerns have been raised about the effects of globalization on jobs and wages. This book co-published by the International Labour Office and the World Trade Organization discusses ways of making globalization socially sustainable.
Trade Policy Review: Malawi 2010
“Trade Policy Reviews” analyse the trade policies and practices of each member of the WTO. The reviews consist of three parts: an independent report by the WTO Secretariat a report by the government and the concluding remarks by the Chair of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Body. The opening section - “key trade facts” - provides a visual overview of the WTO member’s major exports/imports main export destinations origins for its imports and other key data. This edition looks into the trade practices of Malawi.
Report on G20 Trade Measures (2018)
The WTO’s 20th monitoring report on Group of 20 (G20) trade measures issued on 22 November shows that the amount of trade covered by new import-restrictive measures hit a new high during the current reporting period. The estimated US$ 481 billion in trade coverage of these new measures imposed by G20 economies from mid-May to mid-October 2018 is more than six times larger than that recorded in the previous reporting period and the largest since this measure was first calculated in 2012. The report also shows that the trade coverage of new import-facilitating measures (US$ 216 billion) rose significantly during this period but is less than half that of trade-restrictive measures. WTO Director-General Roberto Azevêdo warned the report’s findings constitute a source of serious concern and called for immediate action to de-escalate the situation.
Trade Policy Review: Korea 2016
“Trade Policy Reviews” analyse the trade policies and practices of each member of the WTO. The reviews consist of three parts: an independent report by the WTO Secretariat a report by the government and the concluding remarks by the Chair of the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Body. The opening section - “key trade facts” - provides a visual overview of the WTO member's major exports/imports main export destinations origins for its imports and other key data. This edition looks into the trade practices of Korea.
Report on G20 Trade Measures (2010)
G20 governments continue to resist protectionist pressures but risks remain: A joint report by the WTO OECD and UNCTAD released on 4 November 2010 for the Group of 20 biggest economies ahead of their meeting in Seoul on 11 November says that by and large G20 governments have continued to resist protectionist pressures. But it also warns of potential dangers in the months ahead because of persistent high levels of unemployment and tensions over foreign exchange rates.
Trade and Poverty Reduction in the Asia-Pacific Region
This book explores the complex relationship between international trade and poverty reduction through a combination of research papers and contemporary case studies. Written mainly by developing-country authors in consultation with local businesses and communities the case studies contribute to our understanding of the ways in which low-income communities are dealing with trade as a practical challenge especially in the Asia-Pacific region where approximately two-thirds of the world’s poor live. While making it clear that there is no ‘one size fits all’ formula the research and stories highlight a number of necessary preconditions such as political commitment and cooperation at all levels if trade is to successfully reduce poverty. Openness to trade serious commitment to domestic reform trade-related capacity building a robust and responsible private sector and access to the markets of developed countries are all identified as powerful tools for building trade-related sustainable development.
Report on G20 Trade Measures (2012)
Lamy reports slowdown in G-20 trade restrictions but warns trade frictions on the rise: Director-General Pascal Lamy in his report on G-20 trade measures issued on 31 October 2012 said that “there has been a slowdown in the imposition of new trade restrictive measures by G-20 economies over the past five months”. However “at a time of continuous economic difficulties trade frictions seem to be increasing”. He urged G-20 governments “to redouble their efforts to keep their markets open and to advance trade opening as a way to counter slowing global economic growth”.
Informe Anual 2000
El Informe anual de la OMC se centra en las actividades ordinarias de la organización y los detalles de su estructura personal y presupuesto actuales.
Informe Anual 2013
El Informe anual 2013 ofrece un panorama general de las actividades de la OMC en 2012 y a comienzos de 2013. Incluye un breve resumen del año al que sigue un examen pormenorizado de las esferas más importantes de la actividad de la OMC.